Biodiversity in the context of DEB theory Bas

Biodiversity in the context of DEB theory Bas. Kooijman@vu. nl Tromsø, 2017/05/11 -06/02 deb. akvaplan. com/symposiuml. html

Contents • Intro Add_my_Pet • Co-variation of parameter values - Bergmann - r-K spectra, body size-scaling, Kleiber, - supply-demand spectra - waste-to-hurry - acceleration - altricial-precocial spectra • Patterns to be understood • Outlook

Why Am. P? Theory ↔ Applications (Jolyn’s talk) theory is tool in natural sciences in societal context impove tool by use Am. P - ease applications DEB by examples - database ready for applications - checking consistency of data - finding weird species - identify patterns = ecology/evolution = use in parameter estimation (estimation in context)

Add_my_Pet Comparison on the basis of parameter values 695 @ 2017/06/01

Scales of life 30 Life span 10 log a earth 20 Volume 3 10 log m 10 life on earth whale 0 bacterium ATP molecule whale -10 -20 -30 bacterium water molecule volume-range in Am. P 16 orders of magnitude

Bergmann 1847

Cebidae Dwarfing in Platyrrhini 180 g 130 g 200 -400 g 400 -535 g 480 -700 g 400 -450 g Saimiri Saguinus 780 -1250 g 700 -1000 g 3500 g Callitrix Callimico Cebuella MYA Leontopithecus Mico Aotus 20. 2 24. 8 Perelman et al 2011 Plos Genetics 7, 3, e 1001342 Cebus

r-K spectra Mac. Arthur & Wilson 1967 d/dt N = r N (K – N)

Body size scaling Quantity Within Between Max ingestion rate 2/3 1 Abundance -1 to -2/3 -1 Max filtering rate 2/3 Max growth rate 0 2/3 Saturation constant 0 1/3 Respiration rate 2/3 to 1 Max assim rate 1 1 Birth, adult size 0 1 Min food density > 1/3 Juvenile period 0 1/3 Min ingestion rate 1 1 Egg storage 0 4/3 Max size 0 1 Egg water loss 0 4/3 Max storage 0 1 Incubation time 0 1/3 Min storage 1 4/3 Reprod rate 2/3 to 1 -2/3 to -1/3 Starvation time -1/3 to 1/3 Pop growth rate - -2/3 to -1/3 Kooijman, J Theor Biol (1986) 121: 269 -282

Scaling of O 2 consumption

Behind O 2 scaling

Waste to hurry: increase [p. M] ulitmate length slope 1 max spec growth slope 2 spec reprod investment slope -1

Acceleration s. M

Supply-demand spectrum

Lika et al 2014 J. Theor. Biol. , 354: 35 -47 Supply-demand spectrum

Supply-demand spectrum

Supply-demand spectrum The small deviations from the surface ss (κ, epmin) = ep 3 κ 2 (1−κ) are caused by acceleration s. M dependeng on food level

Altricial - Precocial spectra

Altriciality index animals birds mammals Birds stand out since they grow during a short period only, and get offspring long after reaching ultimate weight

Altriciality index The 2 altricity coefficients show little correlation, except for the tetrapods

Altriciality index The scatter of the absolute altriciality index increases with max struc length, that of the density altriciality index much less so