Biodiversity Biodiversity Variety of life in an area

Biodiversity

Biodiversity Variety • _____ of life in an area number of different • Determined by the _____ species in that area

How does biodiversity effect ecosystem stability? Ecosystem Stability Biodiversity

Which forest has more biodiversity and is less susceptible to disease spread? Forest #1 Forest #2 Redwood forest Rainforest

Importance of Biodiversity • Humans depend on plants and animals for Food shelter _____, clothing _____, ________, and _____ energy medicine • May be future needs for desirable _____ genes

Many medicines are derived from plants or other organisms bread ______ mold • Penicillin is derived from _______ • Salicin (Painkiller) from willow tree aspirin _____ • Vampire bat saliva enzyme which slows _____ blood clotting

Healthy biosphere provides many services to humans fertile • _____ soil drinking • _____ water Carbon dioxide • Plants use_______ and produce oxygen ____ decomposition of wastes • ______ climate • Regulate local ______

Threats to Biodiversity • ____ of biodiversity in an ecosystem Loss stability can upset its ______ • Removing species from an environment causes instability due to the loss of organisms that were filling a critical _______ niche disasters and • Threats include natural ____ human ____ impact

Overexploitation • Excessive ____ use • In the central plains of North America, ____ herds were prevalent bison 1, 000 – 1889 - less than _____ rhinoceros • White ____on the verge of extinction horns because they are hunted for their _____

Habitat Loss • Destruction of Habitat – Clearing of tropical rainforests which contains half of all more than ______ species on Earth • Disruption of Habitat – Declining numbers of one web can member of a food ____ affect other members

Fragmentation of habitat • Separation of an ecosystem into small land pieces of ____ barriers • Can be caused by human-made ____ less • Smaller the piece of land _____ resources, increases number of ______ edges mates and less choices for ______ • Less able to resist _______ disease or respond to environments changing _______

Pollution air soil • Changes composition of _____, and ______ water • Pesticides such as ______ and industrial DDT chemicals such as _______ are found in PCBs food webs Biological ______ Magnification • _____ is the increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain or web

• Acid Precipitation fossil – When _____ fuels are burned, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere – These compounds react with water to form Sulfuric and ____ Nitric _______ acids calcium – Removes _____ and phosphorous _____ from soil plant tissue and slows growth – Damages _______

Eutrophication • Fertilizer, animal waste, sewage, or other substances rich in _____ and nitrogen phosphorous flow into waterways ______ • Causes extensive _____ growth algae oxygen • Algae use a lot of ____ and other organisms suffocate poison • Some algae can also give off _____

Invasive Species • Nonnative species that are either intentionally or unintentionally transported to a new _____ habitat • Often reproduce in large amounts due to predators lack of ____ – Zebra mussels – Fire ants