Biodiversit Marina Sistematica Biologica Laurea Magistrale in Eco

Biodiversità Marina & Sistematica Biologica Laurea Magistrale in Eco. Biologia curriculum Biologia Marina docente: Marco Oliverio

Biodiversità Marina & Sistematica Biologica

Biodiversità Marina Cos’è la Biodiversità Quante specie esistono BD marina vs BD terrestre Pattern vs Dinamiche della Biodiversità I meccanismi alla base della BD Scale spaziali e temporali Lo studio della BD Esplorazione, passato e presente I metodi di studio della BD La conservazione della BD La classificazione della BD

Sistematica Biologica Sistematica, Tassonomia, Classificazione Definizioni e ambiti di pertinenza Naturalità dei sistemi Richiami di Storia della Sistematica Biologica Classificazioni Biologiche I Codici di nomenclatura Scuole di Sistematica Principi e metodi di Sistematica filogenetica Metodi per distanza Metodi per parsimonia Metodi probabilistici

Why marine animals as models? Aequorea victoria aequorin GFP 2008 Nobel Prize Osamu Shimomura, Woods Hole; Martin Chalfie, Columbia U. , New York Roger Tsien, U. California San Diego 16 of 29

Why marine unicells as models? Plants Alveolates Cercozoa Stramenopiles Amoebozoa Discicristates Excavates Opisthokonts Baldauf, et al. , in Assembling the Tree of Life, 2004 18 of 29

Why marine unicells as models? Coccolithophore Calcium carbonate Diatom Silica Dinoflagellate Organic Radiolarian Silica Examples of model organisms for RTD: electronics and nanotech industry can make intricate structures on this scale, but not under ambient pressure, temperature and p. H. 17 of 29

EXPLORING MARINE DIVERSITY FOR PROVIDING NEW CONCEPTS AND FOR DRIVING INNOVATION 1/2 Develop forefront knowledge Biodiversity, Evolutionary Biology, Developmental biology, Cell biology, Neurobiology, Environmental Biology… System Biology, Modelling Eukaryotic tree of life (Baldauf 2003) Improve understanding of : • Major biological and biogeochemical processes in coastal seas & oceans (Omics) • Complexities of biological interactions in the marine environment • Regulatory mechanisms operating from molecular to ecosystems (epigenetics) Develop new biological models and promote the development of ecologicallyrelevant models (phenotypic plasticity)

EXPLORING MARINE DIVERSITY FOR PROVIDING NEW CONCEPTS AND FOR DRIVING INNOVATION 2/2 Facilitate Innovation Blue Biotechnology Horizon 2020 priorities • • • Food (e. g. sustainable aquaculture) Energy (e. g biofuel, biogaz) Health (e. g novel drugs) Environment (e. g non toxic antifouling) Industrial products and processes (e. g biocatalysts, bipolymers)

- Concepts, experiments, observations, socio-economics - Omics, Physiology, Evolutionary ecology, Marine diversity, Biogeochemistry Genes-Cells- Ecosystems Time scale Knowledge BUILDING SCENARIOS FOR MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: a summary Projections Models Repositery evaluation New cross disciplinary process models 1 st generation Freeze existing models development Next model framework evaluation Narrative scenarios Freeze new models development 1 st ensemble generation projections Stakeholders 2 nd generation 2 nd ensemble generation projections

Educational Challenges BSc-MSc-Ph. D • Restructure graduate programmes that will better integrate organismal and process approaches in order to implement a genuine systems approach Traditional streaming Oceanography Marine Ecology/Biology Blue water Physical Chemical Biological Coastal Community ecology BEF Population ecology Evolutionary Ecology Genetics/Genomics Ecosystem approach Climate Speciality domains e. g. , water column Deep sea, vents, abyssal Speciality domains, e. g. , coral reefs, kelp forests, rocky shores, soft shores Biodiversity Blue water + coastal Systematics Biogeography BEF Conservation Invasive species Pollution Economic valuation Policy Fisheries + Aquaculture Ecosystem approach Ecosystem “end-to-end” Population dynamics & Global change Ecosystem Services