Biochemistry What part of the cheeseburger do you

Biochemistry

What part of the cheeseburger do you think contains the most lipids? The cheese!

The cheese in the cheeseburger is an example of a fat which is just one type of lipid! There are 3 types of lipids: 1. Fats 2. Oils 3. Waxes

What are lipids made out of? Like carbohydrates, lipids are compounds made of C (carbon), H (hydrogen), and O (oxygen) atoms.

Although lipids contain C, H, and O; they are mostly composed of chains of C and H. The monomers of lipids are fatty acids.

Lipids are hydrophobic which means that they do NOT mix with water. Hydro-phobic = water hating

Why do we need lipids in our diet? Lipids are used in our bodies for long term energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings.

There are 2 structures that a lipid can have. 1. Has a straight hydro-carbon chain. 2. Has a kinked hydro-carbon chain.

Examples of saturated fats: Examples of unsaturated fats:

Any ideas on why they call it _____ liposuction? ? Because they are taking out lipids!

Back to our cheese… Why are lipids so abundant in cheese? Cheese is made of the milk of various animals. Milk is meant to feed the animals and give them everything that they need to grow. In the process of making cheese are concentrated into a solid form.

Let’s recap! long Lipids are used for _____ term energy. hydrophobic which means Lipids are _______ water _____-hating.

What part of the cheeseburger do you think contains the most proteins? The hamburger patty!

What are proteins made out of? Proteins are compounds made of C (carbon), H (hydrogen), O (oxygen) atoms, N (nitrogen), and sometimes S (sulfur) atoms. .

So… Carbohydrates and Lipids are made up of C, H, and O. Proteins are made up of C, H, O, N and S. vs. Do you think that proteins have a more complex structure than carbohydrates and lipids?

Like carbohydrates, proteins are made up of small parts that are put together. The small parts that proteins are made up of are called amino acids.

The amino acids that come together to make proteins are held together by peptide bonds. Amino acid Peptide bond Amino acid

When two amino acids are bonded together, we call it a dipeptide.

When more than two amino acids are bonded together to make a protein, we call it a polypeptide.

All amino acids have the same structure! What is an R-group? Is there an element called R?

There is no “R” atom, the R-group represents a side chain. Every amino acid has a different side chain and this is how we get different amino acids!

Our bodies make protein. If that is the case, why do we have to eat foods with proteins in it?

We have to eat foods that contain proteins because in our cells’ proteins are constantly breaking down and rebuilding. We eat foods with protein so we can rebuild new proteins.

What does protein do in our bodies? Proteins are used by organisms for: 1. Structural functions 2. Muscle movement 3. Immune system 4. Chemical reactions

Structural Functions Our bodies use proteins to make cartilage, hair, and fingernails.

Other animals also use protein to make hooves and horns!

Muscle Movement Protein makes up the structures that we use to move our muscles (tendons and ligaments).

Why does meat have so much protein in it? The meat that we eat from animals comes from the muscles. Muscles are packed full of proteins so they can move!

What do you think our body does with proteins?

When we eat foods with proteins in them, our bodies break down the proteins and use the amino acids that they are made of.

Why do bodybuilders drink protein shakes and eat protein bars? ? ?

Protein bars and shakes contain a special blend of amino acids that can be easily digested in the body to build up the cell machinery required for strong muscles.

Some Important Proteins… • Insulin – helps our bodies store glucose in glycogen • Hemoglobin – helps our blood carry oxygen

Let’s recap! C, H, O, N, and S atoms Amino Acids Dipeptide Polypeptide