BIOCHEMISTRY The Chemistry of Life PACKET 2 NFL
BIOCHEMISTRY (The Chemistry of Life) PACKET 2 NFL Video Link
What is an organic compound? Carbon & Hydrogen Is carbon dioxide (CO 2) organic or inorganic? INORGANIC What about the pictures below?
Organization of Life Atoms (Carbon or Oxygen) __________ (carbon dioxide, water) MOLECULES ___________ (carbs) MACROMOLECULES ___________ (chloroplast) ORGANELLES ___________ (plant/animal) CELLS TISSUES ___________ (muscle) ___________ (stomach) ORGANS ___________ (digestive) ORGAN SYSTEMS ___________ (person) ORGANISM
Monomer vs. Polymer Building block (one unit) Amino acid Large molecule Protein The Macromolecules Song Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids
The p. H Scale: Neutral 0 --------------------- 7. 0 -------------------- 14 STRONG acid WEAK base STRONG base • BUFFERS __________ help maintain PH homeostasis by minimizing changes in ____. Most body systems function optimally at a p. H of 7. 4 near _______. As the p. H changes ENZYMES __________ may stop working, nerve and muscle activity weakens, and finally all chemical reactions are affected.
Enzymes • PROTEIN A special type of ____________ • SPEED UP Function - to _______________ a chemical reaction by LOWERING ____________ the energy needed to start the reaction ACTIVATION ENERGY (_____________________) • Enzyme Animation Link SPECIFIC Enzymes are __________ since they only work on one type of substrate. • REUSABLE Enzymes are __________ since they can be used over and over. • TEMP PH Enzymes are affected by ________ and ___________. SHAPE Their _________ changes so they can no longer fit with the substrate. • PHOTOSYNTHESIS Equation for a chemical reaction (_______________): ENZYME _____ 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + light • REACTANTS __________ C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 PRODUCTS _________
CT DU PRO E ZYM SUBSTRATE / REACTANTS EN TI VE AC EN ZY M E SI TE Label the picture below
Carbohydrates glucose (sugar) Example: _______ • Monomers - Monosaccharides ___________ Polysaccharides • Polymers - ___________ cellulose • Examples: ___________ - in plant cell walls • starch ___________ - how plants store extra carbs • glycogen __________ - how animals store extra carbs Quick energy, builds structures • Functions ______________________ Fruit, veggies, potatoes, pasta, bread • Foods include: ____________________ • Indicator test: Benedict’s orange • Sugar - __________, Positive color is ______ Iodine black • Starch - __________, Positive color is _______
Lipids • Monomers - Fatty ___________ acids & glycerol Fats, Oils & Waxes • Polymers - ___________ steroids Examples: ___________ - such as cholesterol that makes hormones and parts of cells phospholipids ___________ - make up the cell membrane Long-term energy, insulation, water-proofing • Functions ______________________ • Foods include: ____________________ Butter, mayo, oil, salad dressing Brown paper towel Positive color is • Indicator test: ___________, Grease stain a ____________ triglyceride
Proteins • Monomers - Amino ___________ acids Polypeptide • Polymers - ___________ • Functions / Examples – insulin ________________ - absorb extra sugar from blood _______________ - on red blood cells, carries oxygen hemoglobin _________________ - help with chemical reactions enzymes Eggs, meat, fish, tofu • Foods include: ____________________ Biuret purple • Indicator test: _______, Positive color is _______ aa aa aa Polypeptide (protein) aa aa aa
Nucleic Acids • Monomers - nucleotides ___________ DNA & RNA • Polymers - ___________ • Functions Contain genetic info and help make proteins
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