Biochemistry and Water Test Review The Subatomic Particles

Biochemistry and Water Test Review

The Subatomic Particles, Charges and Where They are Found Protons Positive + In Nucleus Electrons Negative Around Nucleus--Electron Shell/Cloud Neutrons Neutral In Nucleus

Why do unstable atoms bond? To fill outer shells so they can become STABLE. .

Difference between Bonds COVALENT---SHARE electrons--IONIC— 1 atom loses an electron (OXIDATION) 1 atom gains an electron (REDUCTION) Most Likely to form an IONIC bond--Na or Cl

WATER Why is it Polar? Because when it bonds…. Oxygen holds electron more so it becomes slightly NEGATIVE Hydrogen becomes slightly POSITIVE But OVERALL the molecule has NO CHARGE

WATER Universal Solvent Because of its Polarity/Charges--It attracts other Polar molecules breaking them apart---Dissolving them No substance can cause WATER to break apart

WATER 3 Properties based on Hydrogen Bonds: a. Cohesive---stick to each other b. Adhesive—sticks to other molecules c. Capillary Action---moving through tubes as a liquid

Organic Compounds ALL Organic Compounds MUST have Carbon----Hydrogen C-H

All About the ENZYMES Organic Compound-----PROTEIN Scientists Consider it---BIOLOGICAL CATALYST Active Site---the place on the ENZYME where the Substrate attaches and the reaction takes place. Substrate– the compound that the enzyme works on to make a new product.

All About the ENZYMES When something else than the substrate attaches— It will inhibit the enzyme from working or working properly What happens when the temperature goes up? The enzyme does not work. . because temperature changes its shape…shape allows it to work properly

Monomers and Polymers Monomers—Also known as a Building Block or a Subunit of an organic molecule/compound 1 unit of an organic molecule Polymers– Many MONOMERS bonded together Form Macromolecules

Dehydration Synthesis AKA Condensation Vs. Hydrolysis Dehydration---when 2 monomers bondto create a polymer---water is removed Hydrolysis---when a polymer is broken down into monomers---water is added

Soluble vs Insoluble Soluble---dissolves in water because it is Polar(charged) and attracted to water Insoluble—does not dissolve in water because it is NONPOLAR(not charged) and not attracted to water

Metabolism AND Homeostasis Metabolism---sum of all chemical processes in the body Homeostasis– an organism’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment Ex p. H and Temperature

Cell Membrane Molecule made of CH 2(lipid) and phosphate? Phospholipid Function: To allow things in and out of cell

Organic Molecule Info: Carbohydrates Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks--Glucose (monosaccharides) Main Function: SHORT Term energy Soluble or Insoluble---MOST Soluble Examples---Cellulose, Starch

Organic Molecule Info: Lipids Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks--Fatty acids Main Function: LONG Term energy and Insulation Soluble or Insoluble---Insoluble Examples---Fats, oils

Organic Molecule Info: Proteins Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks--Amino Acids Main Function: Transport nutrients, support, defense, motion, regulation, metabolism, Soluble or Insoluble---MOST soluble Examples---Collagen, Hemoglobin

Organic Molecule Info: Nucleic Acid Subunits/Monomers/Building Blocks--Nucleotide Main Function: Building Blocks of Heredity Soluble or Insoluble---Soluble Examples---DNA, RNA

Know the Following Molecules and Their Structures: WATER PROTEIN

Know the Following Molecules and Their Structures: Carbohydrate Lipid

Constructive Response General Composition of a Protein Elements: C, H, O, N Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen Building Block/Monomers: Amino Acids

Constructive Response Difference Between Protein and Carbs PROTEIN Carbohydrates Elements: C, H, O, N C, H, O Carbon, Hydrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen Oxygen and Nitrogen Oxygen Building Block/Monomers: Blocks/Monomers Amino Acids Building Glucose/Monosaccharides

Constructive Response Difference Between Protein and Carbs Functions PROTEIN Carbohydrates Support SHORT term energy Transport Structure Metabolism Protection Regulation Defense Motion