Biochemistry 1 CHEM 271 Information about Sapling Learning

Biochemistry 1 CHEM 271

Information about Sapling Learning Online quizzes

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What is Biochemistry? BIOLOGY CHEMISTRY - The study of the structure, organization and interactions of cells, tissues and organisms. - The study of the structure, organization and interactions of atoms and molecules. BIOCHEMISTRY - The study of the structure, organization and functioning of living matter in molecular terms. - « the chemistry of life » Source: Dr. Steven Kawai

“Molecules of life” • Proteins – structure, catalysis, motion, signaling • Carbohydrates – Energy, storage of energy • Lipids – Energy, cell membranes • Nucleic acids – Genetic information

http: //eawag-bbd. ethz. ch/periodic/

Applications of Biochemistry • • medicine dentistry agriculture forensics anthropology environmental sciences many other fields

“Central Dogma” of Biology DNA RNA Information as coded sequences of chemical ‘letters’ Protein [1(+) per gene] • • structural building blocks receptors transporters enzymes * Chapter 1 of the textbook explains the structure and function of DNA in chemical terms: similar chemical principles underlie the structure and function of proteins

Chemical bonds, a summary • Covalent (C-H, C-O) • Noncovalent – Electrostatic interaction – Hydrogen bonds – van der Waals interaction – Hydrophobic effect

What will we be studying? Part 1: Structure and properties of proteins Tertiary (3 D) structure Quaternary structure - Hemoglobin (structure & function) - Characterizing proteins Enzymes (structure & function) - Serine proteases Secondary structure - Amino acids (20) - Acids/bases - Primary structure / non-covalent interactions Enzyme kinetics Enzyme inhibitors Source: Dr. Steven Kawai

What will we be studying? Part 2: Central metabolism (Glucose → ATP): enzymes, regulation, strategy, thermodynamics Citric acid cycle Energy capture and biosynthetic intermediates Carbohydrates (structure & function) Metabolism - Glycolysis - Gluconeogenesis - Glycogen metabolism - Cofactors Enzyme regulation strategies Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron-transport chain) Oxidative phosphorylation (ATP synthesis) ATP is the major storage form of energy in the cell

A possible time line for biochemical evolution NH 4 + CH 4 + H 2 O + H 2 + electricity (Miller-Urey experiment on abiogenesis) >20 amino acids

A tree of life; 3 related domains

Biological diversity and similarity

Protein Structure

Amino acids Building blocks of proteins

20 amino acids are the building blocks of proteins Ca Amino acids (with a non-hydrogen R group) are chiral:

AMINO ACIDS (hydrophobic)

AMINO ACIDS (hydrophobic)

AMINO ACIDS (Polar)

AMINO ACIDS (Positively charged) p. Ka!!!

AMINO ACIDS (Negatively charged)

Histidine, a special case

Amino acid abbreviations

CHEM 271 Fall 2015 Learning outcomes 1 Proteins: Amino acids You should know the properties of Chemical bonds: Covalent bonds and the different non covalent interactions (you may have to read this on your own, if you don’t remember it from previous courses) What characterizes an α-amino acid You should know the structures, names, three letter abbreviations, and one letter abbreviations of all 20 amino acids found in proteins. You should know the properties of the different amino acids, for example if it is hydrophobic or polar