Bio 101 Laboratory 13 NeuronSpinal Cord Histology Brain

Bio 101 Laboratory 13 Neuron/Spinal Cord Histology Brain Anatomy Sheep Brain Dissection 1

Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Spinal Cord • Objectives for today’s lab – Become familiar with the gross anatomy of the brain and spinal cord – Become familiar with the histology of nerve tissue and the spinal cord 2

Nervous Tissue • Major characteristics – Mononucleated (usually central) – Many cytoplasmic extensions – Usually surrounded by small, glial cells (supporting cells) • Major Functions – Transmission of nerve impulses – Sensory reception 3

Nervous Tissue 4

Overview of the Nervous System 5

Parts of the Brain * * * * * GOOD DIAGRAM TO STUDY FOR EXAM Average male brain ≈ 1, 600 g, average female brain ≈ 1, 450 g Figure from: Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology, Mc. Graw Hill, 2007 6

Relationship of the Brain and Skull 7

Brain – Superior View * * * 8

Brain – Anterior View * * * 9

Brain – Posterior View * * * Transverse* fissure * 10

Brain * * * * 11

Ventricles of the Brain Ventricles make and circulate cerebrospinal fluid, CSF 12

Brain 13

The Brain * * * (Cerebral) * * GOOD DIAGRAM TO STUDY FOR EXAM Arbor* vitae 14

Brain – Coronal Section Figure from: Anatomy & Physiology Revealed, Mc. Graw Hill, 2007 White matter Cerebral cortex 15

Histology of Cerebral Cortex Gray Matter (Cortex) Gyrus Sulcus 2 - 4 mm White Matter 16

The Brain * * * * Inferior View 17

Cranial Nerves (CN or N) * * * * GOOD DIAGRAM TO STUDY FOR EXAM 18

Cranial Nerves * * * * 19

Spinal Cord 20

Spinal Cord Posterior * (“funiculus” = column) * * Anterior GOOD DIAGRAM TO STUDY FOR EXAM 21

Spinal Cord *Gray matter *Central canal *Posterior horn (axons of sensory neurons) Lateral horn *Anterior horn (cell bodies of motor neurons) *White matter Anterior median fissure GOOD DIAGRAM TO STUDY FOR EXAM 22

Sheep Brain ? ? ? 23

Sheep Brain 24

Sheep Brain Photo from: web. baypath. edu/. . . /sheep%20 brain/brains-v. jpg 21 1. olfactory bulb 2. olfactory tract 6. optic chiasma 7. optic nerve 8. optic tract 10. opening where the infundibulum attaches 11. mammilary body 15. trochlear nerve 20. medulla oblongata 13. trigeminal nerve 16. abducens nerve 21. oculomotor nerve 14. pons 18. spinal cord 25

Sheep Brain Photo from: www. cals. ncsu. edu/course/zo 250/Lab 9 b. gif 13 1 12 5 4 1. Corpus callosum 2. Thalamus 3. Hypothalamus 4. Optic chiasm 11 8 2 3 7 9 10 6 5. Pineal gland (body) 6. Mammillary Body 7. Superior colliculus 8. Inferior colliculus 9. Fourth ventricle 13. Lateral ventricle 10. Brain stem 11. Arbor vitae (white matter) 12. Cerebellar gray matter 26

Photo from: web. baypath. edu/. . . /sheep%20 brain/brains-v. jpg Sheep Brain – Sagittal Section 1. lateral ventricle 2. fornix 3. corpus callosum 4. pineal body 5. superior colliculus 6. inferior colliculus 7. transverse fissure 8. arbor vitae 9. cerebellar cortex (grey matter) 10. medulla oblongata 11. fourth venticle 12. cerebral aqueduct 13. pons 14. pituitary gland 15. mammillary body 16. hypothalamus 17. thalamus 18. optic chiasma 19. olfactory bulb 27