Bio 101 Laboratories 11 12 Muscle Histology Gross

Bio 101 Laboratories 11 & 12 Muscle Histology Gross Human Skeletal Muscle Cat Muscle Dissection 1

What you should do in labs 11 & 12 … • Today (Lab 11) – – Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy Begin cat muscle dissection Get tested on histology and human skeletal muscle before leaving • Next Lab (Lab 12) – – Finish cat muscle dissection Review muscle histology Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy Get tested on cat muscles before leaving • Note: Items with ** have been ADDED to your list of HUMAN muscles to know. Items indicated on figures with a * were already on your Study Guide. 2

Histology of Muscle Tissue • Three types of muscle tissue you will need to view under the microscope – Skeletal (slide # 1310) – Cardiac w/intercalated disc (slide # 1790) – Smooth (slide # 1250, 3008 – histological preparation) See Activity 4 (pp. 83 -84) in Marieb’s Lab Manual Muscle Tissue Characteristics Complete #19 (table), Review Sheet 6, page 88. This will give you a good comparison table to study for the lab exam 3

Skeletal Muscle • Major characteristics – Contractile – Voluntary – Striated – Multinucleated – Unbranched • Major Functions – Voluntary movement – Heat generation 4

Skeletal Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, multinucleated, non-branched 5

Cardiac Muscle • Major characteristics – Contractile – Involuntary – Striated – Single nucleus – Branched – Intercalated discs • Major Function – Pump blood 6

Cardiac Muscle Notice that this tissue is: Striated, mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated disks 7

Smooth Muscle • Major characteristics – Contractile – Involuntary – NOT Striated – Single, centrally located nucleus – Unbranched • Major Function – Controls size/shape of organs – Constricts blood vessels 8

Smooth Muscle Cytology Notice that this tissue is: Not striated, mononucleated, and non-branched Histology 9

Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy • Use Figures 15. 2 (page 200) and 15. 3 (page 201) in Marieb’s Exercise 15 for an overview. • Look at your Study Guide for a list of the muscles for which you’ll be responsible on the lab exam • Refer to the Human Muscle Table in your Study Guide for more specifics on the muscles you need to know. • Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, beginning on page 679 in Marieb’s Laboratory Manual to view the superficial anatomy of the human skeletal muscles. (Especially important for clinical practice) 10

Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy • Muscular system – All skeletal muscles that can be controlled voluntarily – Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans • Shape or appearance give clues to function – Locomotion and posture; work across joints • Origin – point of muscle attachment that moves least • Insertion – point of muscle attachment that moves most – Support soft tissue; sheets between bony tissue – Guard body entrances/exits; encircle opening 11

How Skeletal Muscles Are Named • Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles – Direction • Orientation relative to body midline • Rectus, transverse, oblique – Size • Relative size of muscle • Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus, vastus – Shape • Relative shape of muscle • Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid 12

How Skeletal Muscles Are Named • Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles – Action • Principle action • Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator – Number of origins • Number of tendons of origin • Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4) – Location • Temporalis, femoris – Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in name) • Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid 13

Muscles of the Head * * * Notice how the origins and insertions work… http: //www. getbodysmart. com/ap/muscularsystem/menu. html Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle 14

Muscles of the Upper Body * * * * 15

Muscles of the Upper Body * * * 16

Muscles of the upper limb * * * * * 17

Muscles of the Anterior Forearm * * * 18

Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula * * * Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 * 19

Muscles that Move the Foot * * 20

Muscles that Move the Foot * * * 21

Cat Dissection • Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 beginning on page 697 of Marieb’s Laboratory Manual. • Use the Cat Dissection Guideline handout distributed today; using the scalpel, blunt probe and gloved fingers… • Refer to your Laboratory Guide for a list of the cat muscles you’ll need to identify for the lab exam. • Note: – Some muscles are superficial and some are deep – It’s best to do superficial dissection on one side of the cat, and deep dissection on the other 22

*Tibialis anterior * Pectoantebrachialis *Gracilis * Gastrocnemius * Sartorius *External oblique * Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis * Pectoralis major 23

*External oblique * Gastrocnemius *Semitendinosus *Sartorius Levator scapulae ventralis *Spinotrapezius *Clavotrapezius *Latissimus dorsi *Gluteal muscles *Biceps femoris fasciae *Tensor latae *Acromiotrapezius Spinodeltoid * Clavodeltoid Lumbodorsal fascia Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid 24

Digastric muscles Mylohyoid Sternohyoid *Sternomastoid * Clavotrapezius ID neck muscles by photograph only 25

*Pectoantebrachialis *Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis *Pectoralis major 26

*Pectoralis major Xiphihumeralis *Pectoantebrachialis * Pectoralis minor *External oblique * Rectus abdominis 27

* Pectoantebrachialis * Latissimus dorsi Xiphihumeralis 28

*External oblique (cut and reflected) * Internal oblique *Rectus abdominis *Transversus abdominis 29

*Pectoantebrachialis * Pectoralis major * Rectus abdominis *Serratus ventralis (anterior) 30

Lumbodorsal *Latissimus fascia dorsi *Spinodeltoid *Acromiotrapezius * Clavotrapezius * Spinotrapezius * Clavodeltoid Levator scapulae ventralis *Acromiodeltoid 31

*Spinotrapezius * Acromiotrapezius *Clavotrapezius *Latissimus dorsi Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius 32

*Clavotrapezius *Clavodeltoid Levator scapulae ventralis *Acromiodeltoid *Acromiotrapezius *Spinodeltoid * Spinotrapezius *Latissimus dorsi Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid 33

* Brachioradialis * Biceps brachii * Pronator teres * Triceps brachii (medial head) 34

Flexor carpi radialis * Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum profundus *Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris *Pronator teres * Biceps brachii Epitrochlearis *Triceps brachii 35

* Biceps brachii * Brachioradialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor carpi radialis Epitrochlearis *Pronator teres Flexor carpi ulnaris *Palmaris longus 36

Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum lateralis Extensor digitorum communis *Triceps brachii (lateral head) brachii *Triceps (long head) *Spinodeltoid *Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus *Clavodeltoid *Acromiodeltoid *Clavotrapezius 37

*Brachioradialis * Clavodeltoid * Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads) 38

* Sartorius *Gracilis 39

*Adductor longus *Adductor femoris * Semimembranosus *Vastus medialis Pectineus *Tensor fasciae *Rectus latae femoris *Vastus lateralis Fascia lata 40

*Rectus femoris *Vastus lateralis Pectineus *Adductor longus *Adductor femoris *Vastus medialis *Semimembranosus 41

* Tibialis anterior *Gastrocnemius Plantaris Flexor digitorum longus 42

* Flexor digitorum longus *Gastrocnemius * Tibialis anterior 43

*Tensor fasciae latae *Biceps femoris *Gluteus medius *Semimembranosus *Semitendinosus *Gluteus maximus Caudofemoralis 44

* Gluteus medius *Gluteus maximus Caudofemoralis *Biceps femoris *Gastrocnemius *Semitendinosus 45

*Gastrocnemius Extensor digitorum longus * Soleus * Fibularis muscles 46

Remaining Labs for Semester… • Lab 13 – Nervous System – Human Brain – Marieb Exercise 19 – Sheep brain - Marieb Exercise 19 • Lab 14 – Eye Anatomy – Marieb Exercise 24 – Ear Anatomy – Marieb Exercise 25 – (We will not be doing any physiology in lab) • Lab Exam 3 – scheduled for 4/30/13 47