Bingo Springboard An Introductory Activity B I N

Bingo Springboard” An Introductory Activity B I N G O 1

Directions: Randomly fill in each box with a different phrase from your list. This will be your bingo card for the game. See sample below: Infertility Mold Y L N Lead What is O Toxic Plastics E the Mercury L P common theme? M A Obesity Carcinogens UV Radiation S 2

I will show one cartoon at a time. Look carefully at each cartoon. If the concept illustrated within the cartoon matches with one of the words on your Bingo card, write the letter of the cartoon in that box. We will be playing “COVER ALL” – you must cover all of the words in order to win BINGO! 3

A 4

B http: //www. grist. org/comments/ha/1999/05/31/radon 053199. gif 5

C 6

D 7

E http: //www. cartoonaustralia. com/nik/archives/images/poll. gif 8

F 9

G 10

http: //www. claybennett. com/images/archivetoons/water_glass. jpg H 11

I 12

http: //dcnr. nv. gov/graphic/parker 0602. gif J 13

K 14

L 15

M http: //www. fieldchemicals. co. uk/CARTOON 72. gif 16

N 17

O 18

P 19

Q 20

R http: //www. nearingzero. net/screen_res/nz 171. jpg 21

S http: //www. nearingzero. net/screen_res/nz 324. jpg 22

Key to Cartoon Activity: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. Obesity Radon Allergens Lead Air Pollution Mold UV Radiation Water Pollution Superfund Sites Nuclear Wastes Birth Defects Plastics Pesticides Carcinogens Resistant Microbes Contaminated Foods Infertility Mercury Alcohol 23

“Tox In” The City Exploring Environmental Health Science Issues Colleen Hagadorn & Judy Moffitt Biology & Chemistry Mentors South Glens Falls High School 24

HEADLINES • • Antiperspirants Cause Breast Cancer Warning: Febreze is Toxic to Pet! Dioxins Released by Freezing Water Bottles Chlorinated Water Causes Cancer What’s a person supposed to think? 25

Environmental Health Then & Now "If you want to learn about the health of a population, look at the air they breath, the water they drink, and the places where they live. “ - Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, in the Fifth Century BC. 26

What is Environmental Health Science? The field of science that studies how the environment influences human health and disease. 27

ENVIRONMENT Environment = Natural Environment + Human-made Environment + Social Environment 28

Sources of Environmental Hazards & Hazards • Look at the Tox Town Scene for Activity #1 • Identify Potential Sources of Environmental Hazards • Identify the Potential Hazards associated with each source 29

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES Today, the environmental health sciences aren't entirely about pesticides and other chemical pollutants in our air and water. The definition of "environmental health" has broadened to include the environment we create for ourselves (by smoking or not smoking, and by our diet, for example). It also includes the medicines and otherapies we are prescribed, our occupations and places of work, and our lifestyles: Are we couch potatoes or joggers? Sexually reckless or responsible? Listening to loud music or keeping the volume down? http: //www. niehs. nih. gov/oc/factsheets/ead/healthy. htm 30

For Activity #1 31

For Activity #1 32

For Activity #1 33

For Activity #1 34

How Does Environmental Health Sciences Differ From How Humans Affect the Environment (Ecology)? Activity #2 -Think, Pair, Share Do Think/Pair/Share Activity 35

Ecology How Humans Affect Environment May study how water pollution is harming fish 36

Environmental Health Science Environmental Health Scientist May study how eating the fish is harming humans. Focus is on HUMAN Health 37

Examples of Environmental Hazards that Cause Human Health Problems • • Pesticides/Herbicides Arsenic Lead Mold Carbon monoxide Asbestos Benzene Electromagnetic Fields • • Alcohol Radon Ozone Particulate Matter Tobacco Dioxins Noise Pollution 38

TOXICITY • Toxicology — the study of how environmental hazards, such as natural and human-made chemicals, can enter our bodies and make us sick • Toxicity — a measure of the danger of a chemical 39

TOXIN • Toxicant (Poison)— A chemical capable of producing a harmful reaction in a living organism. 40

IS THIS CHEMICAL A TOXIN? Read Activity #3 Article and Decide 41

IS THIS CHEMICAL A TOXIN? DIHYDROGEN MONOXIDE The dangers of dihydrogen monoxide include: • Also called "hydroxyl acid", a major component of acid rain; • Contributes to soil erosion; • Contributes to the greenhouse effect; • Accelerates corrosion and breakdown of electrical equipment; • Excessive ingestion may cause various unpleasant effects; • Prolonged contact with its solid form results in severe tissue damage; • Inhalation, even in small quantities, may cause death; • Its gaseous form may cause severe burns; • It has been found in the tumors of terminal cancer patients; • Withdrawal by those addicted to it causes certain death within 168 hrs Nevertheless, governments and corporations continue using it widely, heedless of its grave dangers. 42

Is This Chemical a Toxin? Read the news headline on the next slide: 43

Police: Student Died From ‘Water Intoxication’ During Hazing POSTED: Tuesday, May 6, 2003 Plattsburgh, New York-The death of a freshman pledging the Psi Epsilon Chi fraternity at the State University of New York College at Plattsburgh has led to 11 members being charged with 150 crimes, including hazing and negligent homicide, at the conclusion of the police investigation. The freshman reportedly died of hydroneutremia, or water intoxication, which caused swelling of the brain. So, is water a toxicant? ? 44

Any chemical can be toxic if you eat, drink, or absorb too much of it. 45

THE DOSE MAKES THE POISON “All substances are poisons; there is none that is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy. ” Paracelsus (1493 -1541) 46

SOURCE OF EXPOSURE A hazard’s point of origin, such as cars, industry, farming, etc. 47

ENVIRONMENTAL PATHWAY Means of getting from the source to us. Can include: * air we breath * water we drink * food we eat * soil in which we play and grow food 48

EXPOSURE -- the term used to describe the total amount of a hazard that comes in direct contact with your body. 49

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE INHALATION INJECTION INGESTION DERMAL ABSORPTION 50

DOSE -- the term used to describe the specific amount of a chemical that enters the body. 51

DOSE DOSAGE • is the amount of chemical per unit of body weight. • usually given as milligrams of chemical per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg) 52

DOSE Perform Activity #4 53

Effects of Amount on Dose Increasing the amount of chemical for the same size of organism Dose increases 54

Effects of Size on Dose A smaller size of organism with the same amount of chemical Dose increases 55

DOSE/RESPONSE Dose Depends on: DURATION OF EXPOSURE FREQUENCY OF EXPOSURE BODY SIZE 56

PROBLEM Who took the largest dose of Tylenol? A. An adult woman who weighs 125 lb and took 300 mg of Tylenol B. B. An adult man who weighs 180 lb and took 300 mg of Tylenol C. C. A teenage boy who weighs 135 lb and took 600 mg of Tylenol D. D. A baby who weighs 20 lb and took 100 mg of Tylenol 57

PROBLEM Who took the largest dose of Tylenol? Answer: To calculate dose, divide the amount of the hazard by the body weight A. 300 mg/125 lb = mg/lb 2. 4 1. 7 B. 300 mg/180 lb = mg/lb C. 600 mg/135 lb = mg/lb 4. 4 D. 100 mg/20 lb = mg/lb 5. 0 The concentration of the chemical in the small body 58 is much higher than in the larger bodies.

What amount causes harm? Some chemicals are good in small amounts, but toxic in large amounts Example: botulinum toxin Small amount → Large amount → 59

What amount causes harm? Some chemicals are good in small amounts, but toxic in large amounts Example: botulinum toxin Small amount → prevents wrinkles (BOTOX) Large amount → paralysis, death 60

TOXIC EFFECTS Rank the following in order of least toxic (1) to most toxic (6) based on LD 50 data: TOXICANT Sugar Salt Herbicide Arsenic Nicotine Botulism TOXICITY 61

TOXIC EFFECTS Rank the following in order of least toxic (1) to most toxic (6) based on LD 50 data: TOXICANT Sugar Salt Herbicide Arsenic Nicotine Botulism TOXICITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 62

TOXIC EFFECTS Approximate Lethal Doses of Common Chemicals (Calculated for a 160 lb. human based on data on rats) Chemical Lethal Dose Sugar 3 quarts Alcohol (ethyl alcohol) 3 quarts Salt (sodium chloride) 1 quart Herbicide (2, 4 -D) ½ cup Arsenic (arsenic acid) 1 -2 teaspoons Nicotine ½ teaspoon Food poison (botulism) microscopic Source: NIH Curriculum, Chemicals, the Environment, and You Videodiscovery, 2000 63

TOXIC EFFECTS Terms used to refer different durations of exposure: ACUTE EXPOSURE CHRONIC EXPOSURE 64

TOXIC EFFECTS Terms used to refer different durations of exposure: ACUTE EXPOSURE CHRONIC EXPOSURE Refers to single exposure or a very limited exposure Example: breathing fumes from chlorine spill Refers to a prolonged or repeated exposure Example: breathing polluted air over a lifetime 65

INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY Why did I get sick and she didn’t? Depends on: 66

INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY Why did I get sick and she didn’t? Depends on: BODY SIZE AGE GENETICS GENDER GENERAL HEALTH 67

PROBLEM A family has a clogged furnace that is producing carbon monoxide, a hazardous gas. Which family member is likely to be harmed the most? A. Nicholas, the son who is in 12 th grade B. Baby Quianna, who is going into preschool next year C. C. Mrs. Shaw, the mother who works at home D. Mr. Shaw, the father who works at the local book store 68

ANSWER: Dose depends on several factors. Here we can estimate: * length of exposure, * age of the people exposed, and * size of the people exposed. It is most likely that Baby Quianna is most likely to be harmed as: 1) she is the youngest and therefore 2) the smallest, and 3) spends the most time in the home along with her mother. 69

RISKS and BENEFITS 70

RISKS and BENEFITS What is risk assessment? • Educate yourself about the risk • Evaluate the risk vs. the benefit • Make an informed decision based on the evaluation 71

RISKS and BENEFITS Do Carousel Activity # 5 72