Bilingual and multilingual toponymy Documents of the Catholic

Bilingual and multilingual toponymy * Documents of the Catholic Church: Annuario Pontificio * Inoslav Bešker, Ph. D. * Information Technology and Journalism Dubrovnik, May 26 th, 2006

Annuario Pontificio as a multilingual toponymy source ► Toponyms language ► Nomina in a local de Curia in Latin ► Nowadays toponyms in a local languages for titular sees

Fields of research ► Languages § Structure § History § Orthography ► Mutual influences and interactions § Linguistic ones § Socio anthropologic § Other cultural (in the broad sense of term)

Causes of Influences and Interactions ► Ethnic migrations ► Prevarications § Political: imposing or change of the political power etc. § Economic: trade etc. (> lingua franca > cultural prevarication) § Cultural: linguistic (in terminology etc. ), literary, religious, musical etc.

Implementers of linguistic strata ► settlers / inhabitants ► immigrants ► invaders etc. ► visitors (lingua franca)

The same language can perform different roles through different periods Case study: Latin in the SE Europe as: ► ► ► Invaders’ language (centuries: 1 st B. C. – 1 st A. D. ) Settlers’ language (centuries: 1 st – 3 rd) Inhabitants’ language (centuries: 1 st – 7 th) The linguistic base for neoromance languages of settlers and/or immigrants § § Tergestic Istriot (Rovinj) Dalmatic (Udayna d. 1898) several Walachian languages (Moldavian, Romanian, Aromune etc. ) § § § In Slavonic languages (Poljud, jarbol, račun…) In Albanian language (Vlorë, kangë) In Hungarian language (indirectly: Ad Quinque Ecclesias > *Pet > Pécs > Pečuh) Substrate Lingua franca (Church, sciences, literature…)

Types in Bilingual Toponymy (Italo-Croatian Examples) ► Literary translated (LT) ► Different forms from different sources (DD) § Rika (Rijeka) - Fiume § Mirna - Quieto § § Krk < Curicum/Curicta - Veglia < Vikla (<Vetula Civitas) Cavtat < Civitas - Ragusavecchia ► Different forms from the same source (DSs) ► Different forms from the same meaning (DSm) ► Same forms, even through orthophonic/orthographic differences (SF) § Trogir - Traù (> Tragurium > Τραγούριον > Τράγος ΄Ορος) § Kozjak - Monte Caprino (> Mons Caprinus > Τράγος ΄Ορος) § Dalmacija = Dalmazia (> Dalmatia)

Types of Bilingual Names of Titular Sees in SE Europe (without Greece), according to Annuario Pontificio for 2006 Type Abbr. Number/Total % Literary translated LT Different forms from DD different sources Same forms SF Not classified - 1/48 2. 08 13/48 27. 08 27/48 56. 25 7/48 14. 59

Titular Sees – A Church Italian Local Latin De Curia Church Metropole Province Type Abritto Dobritsch, Hadji-Oglu. Bazardjic Abrittum Abritten(us) Mesia Inferior Marcianopoli DD Acque di Dacia Vidonac Aquae in Dacia Aquen(sis) in Dacia Ripense Raziaria DD Acrida Ohrid Achrida Achriden(sis) Epiro nuovo Metr. SF Alba marittima Biograd Alba maritima Alben(sis) maritimus Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split LT* Arba Rab, Arbe Arba Arben(sis) Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split SF Aulona Valona, Vlora Aulonitan(us) Epiro nuovo Durrës SF

Titular Sees – B-C Church Italian Local Latin De Curia Church Metropole Province Type Bistue Zenica Bistuen(sis) Bosnia Salona DD Bononia Vidin Bononia Buduanen(sis) Dacia Ripense Raziaria DD ? Budua Budva Budua Achriden(sis) Dalmazia Superiore Doclea SF Cittanova Novigrad Aemona Aemonien(sis) seu Civitatis novae Istria Venezia DD Croe Croïa Croae Croën(sis) Epiro Nuovo Durrës SF Curzola Korčula Cursolen(sis) Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split SF

Titular Sees – D-F Church Italian Local Latin De Curia Church Province Metropole Type Diocleziana Castoria? Diocletiana Diocletianen (sis) Dardania Skopje DD Doclea Rovine di Ducliya, Duke Doclea Docleen(sis) Dalmazia Superiore Metr. SF Drivasta, Drivost, Drvischte Drivastum Drivasten (sis) Dalmazia Superiore Doclea SF Dulcigno Ulcinj Ulcinium Ulcinien(sis) Dalmazia Superiore Doclea SF Filippopoli di Tracia Plovdiv, Philippopolis in Thracia Philippopolita n(us) in Thracia Tracia Metr. SF

Titular Sees – G-N Church Italian Local Latin De Curia Church Province Metropole Type Germania di Dacia Banja, Saparevsca Banja Germania in Dacia Germanien (sis) Dacia Mediterranea Sardica DD Iustiniana prima Iustinianen (sis) Dacia Mediterranea Arciv. - Glavinitza Glavinitzen(sis) Epiro nuovo Durrës - Modrussen(sis) Dalmazia Inferiore Split - Giustiniana prima Glavinizza in Acroceraunia Modruš Naisso Niš Naissus Naissitan(us) Dacia Mediterranea Sardica SF Narona Vid Narona Naronen(sis) Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split DD Nona Nin Nona Nonen(sis) Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split SF

Titular Sees – O-R Church Italian Local Latin De Curia Church Province Metropole Type Odesso Varna Odessus Odesitan(us) Mesia Inferiore Arciv. DD Ossero Osor Absorus Absoritan(us) Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split SF Pedena Pićan Petina Petinen(sis) Istria Aquileia SF Preslavo rovine presso Aboba Preslavus Preslaven(sis) Metr. - Poetovium Rhasen(sis) Norico Aquileia SF Ptuj Raso Ras Rhasus Naronen(sis) Bulgaria Occidentale Acrida SF Raziaria Arčer o Arcar Ratiaria Ratiaren(sis) Dacia Ripense Metr. SF Risinio Risano, Risan Risinium Risinitan(us) Dalmazia Superiore Doclea SF

Titular Sees – S Church Italian Local Latin De Curia Church Province Metropole Type Sarda rovine di Schurda Sardanen(sis) Dalmazia Superiore Doclea - Scardona Skradin Scardona Scardonen(sis) Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split SF Scutario Uskudar Scutarium Scutarien(sis) Tracia Filippopoli SF Sebastopoli di Tracia Sanaklar Sebastopolis in Thracia Sebastopolitan (us) Tracia Filippopoli DD *Serbia Servia, Serfidjé Serbia Serbien(sis) Macedonia I Tessalonica SF Sisak * Siscia Siscien(sis) Pannonia Savia Aquileia SF Stagno Ston Stagnum Stagnen(sis) Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split SF Strumnizza Strumica Strumnitzen(sis) Macedonia I Tessalonica SF

Titular Sees – T-Z Church Italian Local Tiburnia Latin De Curia Church Province Metropole Type Sankt Peter Tiburnia in Holz *! Tiburnien(sis) Norico Metr. DD Tino Knin Tinum Tinien(sis) Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split SF Traianopoi di Rodope rovine a Tuzla Traianopolis in Rhodope Traianopolitan (us) in Rhodope Rodope Metr. - Transmarisca Tutrakhan, Turtucai Transmarisca Trans-mariscen(us) Mesia Inferiore Marcianopoli DD Trau’ Trogir Tragurium Tragurien(sis) Dalmazia Inferiore Salona, poi Split SF Ulpiana Lipljan Ulpiana Ulpianen(sis) Dardania Skopje SF Viruno Zollfeld Virunum Virunen(sis) Norico Aquileia DD Zernico Cerminic? Tzernicus Tzernitzen(sis) Bulgaria Occidentale Acrida -

So long