BIKINI BOTTOMS GENETICS Remember your definitions If something

BIKINI BOTTOMS GENETICS • Remember your definitions. If something comes up look back to the genetics notes • Complete the Bikini Bottoms Genetics Worksheet (get from the teacher)

GENETICS

ST 1 DAY OF GENETICS

WHO IS GREGOR MENDEL? • Watch: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Qm. SJGh. PTB 5 E • Make sure you know: • Who is Gregor Mendel? • What was Gregor Mendel’s background? • What was Gregor Mendel’s contribution to science?

USE A HIGHLIGHTER TO REVIEW THE PREPRINTED GENETICS NOTES • As you go through, jot down questions you have.

BASIC GENETICS • On a piece of paper, write the following terms and then describe the relation between or the difference between the terms. 1. DNA, gene and allele 2. Dominant vs. Recessive 3. Phenotype vs. Genotype 4. Heterozygous vs. Homozygous 5. Purebred vs. Hybrid

• Punnett Squares 6 POSSIBLE CROSSES • Watch: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=6 o. BXDk. DRoc. Y • Complete the 6 possible crosses • Both Parents are Dominant • Three ways both parents could be dominant. What are they? • Both Parents are Recessive • One way both parents could be recessive. What is it? • One Parent is Recessive and the other is Dominant • Two ways one parent could be recessive while the other is dominant. What are they? ONCE YOU’VE THE PUNNETT SQUARE DETERMINE THE PHENOTYPIC RATIO Phenotypic ratio is the ratio of dominant offspring to recessive offspring. It is Written # of dominant : # of Recessive

GENOTYPIC VS PHENOTYPIC RATIO • A genotypic ratio is the ratio of RR : Rr : rr • A phenotypic ratio is the ratio of Dominant: Recessive • Complete a Punnett Square for a purebred brunette and a hybrid brunette • Then write the genotypic and phenotypic ratios

WHAT IS YOUR GENOTYPE? WORKSHEET • Pair up with a partner that you don’t mind playing with your hair… • Together, Flip through the “What is your Genotype” Power Point that is linked on the website. Determine if you are Dominant or Recessive for the traits and complete the worksheet. • Once you have determined your own traits and filled out the front of your own worksheet, work together to complete the back of the worksheet.

ND 2 DAY ANYTHING ON SLIDES FROM HERE UNTIL YOU REACH THE TUESDAY SLIDE NEEDS TO BE COMPLETED IF YOU DO NOT GET TO SOMETHING, IT IS HOMEWORK!!!

PENNY FOR YOUR PROBABILITY • Each time MEIOSIS creates a sperm or egg cell, the product is a flip of the coin. • If an individual is heterozygous: Rr; there is a 50% chance the gamete will receive a ‘R’ and 50% it will receive a ‘r’ • Each fertilization is unique and does not affect future mixes. • Does the existence of prior offspring affect the probability of traits in future offspring? • Example: Complete a Punnett Square for two individuals- Rr and rr • 1. What is the phenotypic ratio of the cross? • 2. What is the genotypic ratio of the cross? • 3. What is the chance their child will be rr? • 4. If the couple has a second child, what is the chance he/she will be rr? • Complete the Penny for your Probability Activity with a partner (you will need a worksheet from your teacher)

COMPLETE A DIHYBRID CROSS • Di = two • The Punnett Squares we’ve been doing are MONOhybrid crosses • Watch: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=cv. Tt-azv. Hs. A • Then complete the practice problems on the next slide on a piece of lined notebook paper.

DIHYBRID CROSSES • REVIEW ANY NOTES YOU TOOK ABOUT DIHYBRID CROSSES (from Friday’s class) • If you don’t remember, go back and watch the video which is a few slides back.

COMPLETE THE PRACTICE PROBLEM BELOW ON A PIECE OF LINED NOTEBOOK PAPER THEN CHECK YOUR ANSWER ON THE NEXT SLIDE 1. Set up a punnett square using the following information: q. Dominate allele for tall plants = D q. Recessive allele for dwarf plants = d q. Dominate allele for purple flowers = W q. Recessive allele for white flowers = w q. Cross a homozygous dominate parent (DDWW) with a homozygous recessive parent (ddww) q. What will the offspring look like?

ANSWER • All offspring will be heterozygous for both traits (Dd. Ww) and their phenotype will be Tall and Purple flowers.

COMPLETE THE PRACTICE PROBLEM BELOW ON A PIECE OF LINED NOTEBOOK PAPER THEN CHECK YOUR ANSWER ON THE NEXT SLIDE 2. Set up a punnett square using the following information: q. Dominate allele for black fur in guinea pigs = B q. Recessive allele for white fur in guinea pigs =b q. Dominate allele for rough fur in guinea pigs = R q. Recessive allele for smooth fur in guinea pigs = r q. Cross a heterozygous parent (Bb. Rr) with a parent who is (BBRr) q. What will the offspring look like?

ANSWER Genotype Phenotype BBRR BBRr Bb. RR Bb. Rr black, rough fur BBrr Bbrr black, smooth fur bb. RR bb. Rr white, rough fur bbrr white, smooth fur Frequency

Genotype Phenotype Frequency BBRR BBRr Bb. RR Bb. Rr black, rough fur 12/16 BBrr Bbrr black, smooth fur 4/16 bb. RR bb. Rr white, rough fur 0/16 bbrr white, smooth fur 0/16

RD 3 DAY ANYTHING ON SLIDES FROM HERE UNTIL YOU REACH THE WEDNESDAY SLIDE NEEDS TO BE COMPLETED IF YOU DO NOT GET TO SOMETHING, IT IS HOMEWORK!!!

POLYGENICS • Watch: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=gouq. Tq 5 p 168 • Brainstorm 10 traits and check • Polygenics with your neighbor and come up with a list of traits you think could be polygenic • Then research them on the internet and determine if your brainstorming produced any. • Make sure you have ten traits written down and then next to them affirm or reject them as polygenic traits

MULTIPLE ALLELES • Watch: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 Xm. YVF 0 rw. KU • Discuss Multiple Alleles with your neighbor then together complete the question below • The possible genotypes of a man with blood type B are BB or BO and the genotype of a woman with blood type AB is AB. The child would receive an A allele or a B allele from the mother and a B allele or an O allele from the father. Complete BOTH possible Punnett Squares for the two individuals offspring. Then check your answer on the next slide.

ANSWER CHILD COULD POTENTIALLY HAVE A, AB, OR B BLOOD TYPE • A= A blood type • B= B blood type • i= O bloodtpye

TODAY YOU’VE STUDIED EXCEPTIONS TO MENDELIAN GENETICS üNon-Mendelian Genetics are things that are not as straight forward as dominant and recessive. üExamples of this are Multiple alleles, polygenics and the next two: • Codominance- Spotting • Incomplete Dominance- Blending

CODOMINANCE = SPOTTING • If you have two distinct traits that are not completely dominant, but instead codominant, they will share equally and you will see spotting in the phenotype. • Examples of this:

CODOMINANCE PRACTICE 1) Cross a white chicken with a black rooster.

ANSWER • 1) Cross a white chicken (WW) with a black rooster (BB) • Answer: 0 Black: 0 White: 4 Speckled

NOW CROSS THE F 1 GENERATION FROM THE PREVIOUS EXAMPLE… YES ITS INCEST • RW x RW

ANSWER • 1) Cross a speckled chicken (BW) with a speckled rooster (BW) • Answer: 1 Black: 1 White: 2 Speckled

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE • If you have two distinct traits that are not completely dominant, but instead incomplete dominant, they will bleed into one another and you will see blending in the phenotype. • Examples of this:

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE PRACTICE 1) Cross a white flower with a pink flower

ANSWER • 1) Cross a white flower (aa) with a pink flower (Aa) • Answer: 0 Red: 2 White: 2 Pink

PRACTICE CODOMINANCE AND INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE • Get an Oompa Loompa Worksheet from the teacher and complete it. • Your homework for today is to complete EVERYTHING from today, including the Oompa Loompa worksheet. • If you finish everything early, work on your study guide

TH 4 DAY ANYTHING ON SLIDES FROM HERE UNTIL YOU REACH THE THURSDAY SLIDE NEEDS TO BE COMPLETED IF YOU DO NOT GET TO SOMETHING, IT IS HOMEWORK!!!

DISCUSS ANY HOMEWORK QUESTIONS • Talk with your neighbors and check your answers from last night’s homework

LAB ACTIVITY: FRANKENSTEIN • Get a Packet from your teacher. • Complete the Activity • You will need: • a partner • a penny each • coloring materials • and a white piece of printer paper from the back of the room

SEX LINKED TRAITS NOTES • Watch: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Jxwx_QTkmp. Y • Take Notes On the sex linked power point on the website • Watch: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=JPUj. O 08 f. I 0 A • Make sure you know the definition of CARRIER (if you don’t, look it up)

SEX LINKED TRAITS PUNNETT SQUARES • Get a Packet from your teacher. • Complete the Worksheet- you may use your neighbors for help

PEDIGREES • Take Notes On the pedigree power point on the website • Watch: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Wuk 0 W 10 Eve. U

TRY IT: HARD ONE (ANSWER ON NEXT SLIDE) • Mike, Kasie and Justin have freckles, but their mother, Susan, does not. Susan’s husband, Kevin, has freckles. Susan’s sister, Kelli also has freckles. Kelli’s parents, Andrew and Barbara are freckles also. Cindy and Karen, Kelli’s daughters, have freckles, but their sister, Jill, does not. Jill’s dad, Sam, doesn’t have freckles either.

ANSWER

IF YOU FINISH EARLY • Work on your study guide and vocabulary

WAYS TO STUDY FOR TEST TOMORROW • See the next two slides • There is a study guide at the top of genetics page from my website that you can skim over • MEMORIZE the 6 possible crosses!

REVIEW RATIOS AND PROBABILITY (OPTIONAL STUDYING) • On a set of 6 Index Cards write the following: • RR • Rr • Mix these six index cards up (shuffle) • Randomly draw two of the cards and quickly determine the phenotypic ratio’s of the offspring

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC RATIO (OPTIONAL STUDYING) • Complete the same activity from the previous slide but this time determine the Phenotypic Ratio

TH 5 DAY

PRACTICE PROBLEMS ON WHITE BOARDS • Get a white board from the front of the room • Listen to the teacher’s questions and write the answer on the white board. • DO NOT hold up your white board until you are instructed to do so • Please don’t write anything extra using the pens (conserve their ink, when they die I don’t have more)

REVIEW • YOU HAVE 20 minutes to ask for help/review • WHAT QUESTIONS DO YOU HAVE BEFORE THE TEST?

AFTER TEST INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY • BRAINSTORM what the following terms means: • Biotechnology • Selective Breeding • How do the terms relate to one another? • What are examples of the two terms?