Big Questions Chapter 14 Big Question 1 What

Big Questions Chapter 14

Big Question 1: • What was the Afro-Eurasian trading world before Columbus? 1. Ottomans controlled trade routes between Europe and Asia after 1453 when Mohammed 2 captured Constantinople 2. Trans Saharan trade routes land trade routes between Europe and Africa 3. African merchants would bring African slaves to be sold in the Mediterranean, eastern Europeans sent to west Africa as slaves 4. Trade between Mesopotamia and south Asia existed since beginning of civilization 5. After the capture of Constantinople Europeans got scared and tried to find new trade routes 6. Genoa dominated northern trade routes -black sea 7. Venice had relations with Mamluk Egypt trading in luxurious goods

Big Question 2: How and why did Europeans undertake ambitious voyages of expansion? How: • New technology - Caravel • improvements in cartography • magnetic compass • quadrant • lanteen sail Why: • 3 Gs • God • Glory • Gold • interest in luxury goods • spices • Religious fervor • desire to spread christianity • Renaissance curiosity • -Competition between governments

Big Question 3 • What was the impact of European conquest on the peoples and ecologies of the New World? 1. Europeans spread disease that the new world was not immune to, causing population loss in the New World. 2. The Native population went from 50 million in 1492 down to 9 million in 1700. 3. The Europeans brought new leaders for the New World, so the Natives were not in control anymore. 4. The Encomienda System, put in place by the Spanish, helped the new conquerors enslave the Natives. 5. Through Columbian Exchange, the Old World brought new spices and foods to the New World, changing their diets.

Big Question 4 • How was the era of global contact shaped by new commodities, commercial empires, and forced migrations? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1453 Ottoman conquest of Constantinople cuts off flow of slaves. Turn to sub-Saharan Africa for slaves Trans Atlantic slave trade begins, King Charles V allows traders to bring slaves, Spain collects millions of counts of silver and some gold, causing inflation, silver devalues. China controls world supply of silver, buys half of all silver. Portuguese trade with China, Japan, and the Philippines Dutch Empire trades for spices, creates trading posts across new world and india, and is involved in Trans Atlantic slave trade, the Dutch challenge the Portuguese. 8. Exotic materials become more available due to increased world trade. 9. Contact with new nations was shaped with expanding trade routes.

Big Question 5 • How did new ideas about race and the works of Montaigne and Shakespeare reflect the encounter with new peoples and places? 1. Shakespeare thought the darker skinned people that he encountered were savages and God meant for them to be the servants of the other people on earth due to biblical "proof". 2. In the Tempest Shakespeare wrote about a man stranded on a island enslaving a native man after he sexually abused his daughter. The Tempest highlights racist ideas of that time period. 3. Montaigne didn't refer to Brazil as savage and he challenged the ideas of European superiority, plus he he made people question a popular belief in that era.