Big Idea Energy Exits in different forms and
Big Idea: Energy Exits in different forms and can change from one form to another, but energy is always conserved. Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Essential Question: What is energy?
Forms of Energy? ? ?
X X Sound from this marching band is caused by vibrations of air particles A law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can change forms (be transformed)
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy p 102 Get Energized! What are two types of energy? • Energy is the ability to cause change. • Energy takes many different forms and causes many different effects. • There are two general types of energy: • kinetic energy • potential energy
Kinetic Energy Potential Energy
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy p 102 What are two types of energy? • Kinetic energy is the mechanical energy of an object that is due to motion. All moving objects have kinetic energy. • The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on its mass and speed (Velocity). • Kinetic energy increases as mass increases and/or as velocity (speed) increases.
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy p 103 What are two types of energy? • Potential energy is the mechanical energy that an object has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition. • Potential energy that is the result of an object’s position is called gravitational potential energy. • Gravitational potential energy (GPE) increases as the object’s height or mass increases.
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy p 103 What are two types of energy? • Potential energy is the mechanical energy that an object has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition. • Potential energy that is the result of an object’s condition is called elastic potential energy. • A change in the condition of an object affects its potential energy. • Stretching a rubber band increases its potential energy
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy p 103 What are two types of energy? • Potential energy is the mechanical energy that an object has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition. • Potential energy that is the result of an object’s chemical composition is called chemical potential energy (CPE). • Chemical potential energy depends on chemical composition. • As bonds break and new bonds form between atoms during a chemical change, energy can be released. When a fuel burns in air, the hydrocarbons break up into simpler compounds. The chemical potential energy they contain is then released as heat energy. Light energy is produced at the same time and this is what makes a fire glow as it burns
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy p 103 Can objects have potential and kinetic energy at the same time? • An object can have both potential and kinetic energy at the same time. The story of kinetic and potential energy
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy p 103 6) Other things that show PE & KE
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy p 103 7) Analyze: Do you think that the skater has any GPE at pt C (3)? Explain • No, because he is at the bottom of the ramp. • Gravity cannot pull him any lower, so he has no GPE Energy transfer inside a half pipe. 1) All potential energy 2) Potential becoming Kinetic 3) All Kinetic energy 4) Kinetic becoming Potential 5) All Potential Energy
The story of kinetic and potential energy Energy due to motion All moving object General form of energy Due to position, condition, & chemical composition Increases as mass or height increases Position: Gravitational potential energy Depend on Mass Depends on mass and speed Kinetic Energy Ability to cause change Measured in Joules increases as mass increases Mechanical Energy increases as speed increases Potential Energy Condition: Elastic potential energy Chemical Composition Bonds break & /or new bonds form
p 104 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy In Perfect Form What forms can energy take? • Kinetic energy and potential energy are two types of energy that can come in many different forms. • mechanical, sound, electromagnetic, electrical, chemical, thermal, and nuclear energy. • Energy is expressed in joules (J).
P 104 -105 Put on back of notes Mechanical Energy • • Sum of Kinetic and Potential Energy of Position and Motion Moving car Can be all kinetic, all potential or a combination
P 104 -105 Electromagnetic Energy • Kinetic Energy Sound • Travels through space in electromagnetic Energy waves • Kinetic Energy • Vibrations of • Vibration of electrically charged particles of the particles. medium it’s • Electric and Magnetic traveling through Properties • X-rays, microwaves, visible light, sun Electrical Energy • Kinetic and Potential Energy • Position and Motion of charged particles (electrons –) • Lights, computer
Thermal energy Chemical Energy • Potential Energy • Bonds break and new bonds form. • Food, batteries, matches • Kinetic Energy • Particles are in motion • As motion increases, KE increases, Temperature increases • Heat is energy transferred from the area of higher temp to area of lower temp P 104 -105 Nuclear Energy • Potential Energy • Nucleus of an atom is the source. • Fission: nucleus splits (breaks apart) • Fusion: Nuclei join together • Energy is released • SUN
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy P 104 -105 What forms can energy take? 8) What forms of energy can you identify in this pinball game? Electromagnetic B Sound C Mechanical A Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy P 104 -105 9) How does electrical energy differ from electromagnetic energy? Electromagnetic energy is caused by vibration of electrically charged particles. Transmitted by waves. Electrical energy is caused by the position or motion of electrically charged particles. 10) Would you expect to detect electrical energy if you played the pinball game? Explain The pinball machine is powered by electrical energy as inferred by the lights, sounds (rings where the ball hits the bumper) and motion of the flippers.
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Pg 106 12) Why is the chemical energy of a battery potential energy and not kinetic energy? The energy in the chemicals is stored energy. The battery must be placed into a completed electrical circuit for the energy to create an electric current.
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy In Perfect Form WS 1) You can determine an object mechanical energy by adding together the objects kinetic and potential energy. 3) B, C, E, F (electrical, thermal, chemical, electromagnetic) 4) A (mechanical) 5) A, B, C, F (mechanical, electrical, thermal, electromagnetic) 6) B, C, F (electrical, thermal, electromagnetic) 7) C, D, F (thermal, nuclear, electromagnetic) 8) A, C, E, F (mechanical, thermal, chemical, electromagnetic)
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Pg 108 -109 Transformers What is an energy transformation? • An energy transformation takes place when energy changes from one form into another form. • Any form of energy can change into any other form of energy. • Often, one form of energy changes into more than one form.
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Pg 108 -109 What is an energy transformation? • In a flashlight, chemical energy (battery) is transformed into electrical energy. • The electrical energy is then transformed into light and thermal energy.
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Pg 108 -109 Is energy conserved? • A closed system is a group of objects that transfer energy only to one another. Energy is conserved in all closed systems. • The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change forms. • All of the different forms of energy in a closed system always add up to the same total amount of energy. 17) Relate The law of conservations of energy states energy is not created not destroyed: it can only change forms. An energy transformation is a change from one form of energy to another.
Pg 108 -109 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Transformations when you strike a match? 1) Striking the match (Chemical Potential Energy) transforms mechanical energy to thermal energy & sound energy. 2) Thermal Energy causes particles to release chemical energy. 3) Chemical energy is transformed to thermal and electromagnetic energy. Chemical Potential Mechanical Thermal & Sound Thermal (heat) Chemical & Electromagnetic (light)
Pg 108 -109 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Transformations when you bounce a ball? 1) As the ball falls, gravitational potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy. 2) While the ball is in contact with the floor, kinetic energy transforms into elastic potential energy and then back to kinetic energy. 3) As the ball travels upward, kinetic energy is transformed to potential energy. 4) The ball does not return to original height because some K. E. is transformed to Thermal energy or Sound during a bounce. GPE KE EPE KE Thermal and Sound Energy GPE
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Space Weather and Technology • Space weather includes any activity happening in space that might affect Earth’s environment. • Space weather can damage satellites and interrupt phone signals and signals to Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. • Auroras are caused by electrically charged particles of solar winds hitting Earth’s magnetic field. They can interrupt airplane communications. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Space Weather and Technology pg 107 13) Identify: what type of energy is monitored by scientists forecasting future space weather? __________________________________________________________________ 14) Infer: Why is space weather a bigger concern now than it was in the past? __________________________________________________________________ 15) Research: How do scientists forecast space weather? Why? __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Energy measured in exists as is the ability to do Work can be which at a given rate is Power
Draw and fill in into your notes Review Energy exists as Kinetic energy Potential energy measured in is the ability to do Joules Work can be Elastic Gravitational which at a given rate is Power
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