Big BOSS Project Overview Michael Levi LBNL Director

Big. BOSS Project Overview Michael Levi (LBNL) Director, Big. BOSS DOE Review of Big. BOSS, Dec. 6 -7, 2011

Project Overview l Big. BOSS at the Mayall Talk Outline: l l l l R&D Plan l l AN ARRAY OF FIBER POSITIONERS WILL BE ASSEMBLED INTO AN CIRCLE NEARLY ONE METER WIDE, THE LARGEST MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH EVER MADE Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview l A Bit of History NOAO Review Project Requirements Reference Design Preliminary Studies Review Charge Agreements for R&D Prelim. Project Costs & Schedule Summary 2

Big. BOSS History • Big. BOSS proposed in 2009 — Reviewed in 2009 by HEPAP/PASAG • “legitimate possibility of achieving a significant fraction of the BAO science goals for JDEM’ • “Substantial immediate support for Big. BOSS R&D is recommended” • “(NSF/NOAO) are essential partners in the Big. BOSS project and planning. ” — White paper and oral presentation to Astro 2010 • Study of dark energy one of the three science themes — October 2010 response to NOAO Large Science Programs • “Schmidt committee” non-advocate review by NOAO, milestones • Collaboration responds to milestones, proposal accepted by NOAO — Proposal to DOE, 2011 • Big. BOSS is in a pre-conceptual design phase, requesting R&D funds. We do not have authority (yet) to proceed to a formal DOE conceptual design. — DOE CD-0 (mission need) document for a ground-based dark energy expt. do: (1) LSST, (2) new instrument, (3) both, (4) none. Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 3

NOAO telescope call Nov, 2009 Big. BOSS submitted to NOAO Oct, 2010 4 4

NOAO Review • Non-advocate review — Very helpful suggestions — Driven past year of effort — Contributed to advancement • The review panel members were: — — — Brian Schmidt (Chair), Laureate, The Australian National University Sam Barden, ATST Wavefront Correction Project Manager, National Solar Observatory Gary Bernstein, Reese W. Flower Professor, University of Pennsylvania Warrick Couch, Professor, Swinburne University of Technology Ian Dell Antonio, Associate Professor, Brown University Chris Hirata, Assistant Professor, California Institute of Technology Phillip Mac. Queen, Senior Research Scientist, University of Texas Mario Mateo, Professor, University of Michigan David Spergel, Charles A. Young Professor of Astronomy, Princeton University Alan Uomoto, Observatories Technical Manager, Carnegie Observatories Rick White, Multimission Archive Principal Investigator, Space Telescope Science Institute Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 5

NOAO Key Recommendations We spent several months addressing these recommendations Recommendations have been responded to (see posted Response Document): üQuantifying the photometric selection of galaxies, including demonstration of the space density of galaxies with observed redshifts and [O II] fluxes selected using actual PS 1 and PTF data. This will require a small observational program, parts of which might be suitable for NOAO DD time. üSecuring access to the PS 1 and PTF datasets, and ensuring the multi-year projects that will deliver the requisite photometric datasets will complete. üDemonstration that the proposed, or alternative spectroscopic extraction algorithm, will achieve the scientific requirements for this program on BOSS data, and that this algorithm is computationally tractable. üResolving the critical design options for instrument (e. g. actuator spacing) and solidifying instrument design. The technical requirements for the instrument, in document form, should be derived from a science [O II] and operations requirements document, which is drafted in tandem with NOAO. üPlus, several programmatic considerations. Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 6

Big. BOSS Requirements Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 7

Big. BOSS Objective NWNH roll-out: 3 science objectives (Cosmic Dawn, New Worlds, Physics of the Universe): Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 8

Big. BOSS L 1 Requirements BAO distance scale (isotropic dilation factor) errors N. Padmanabhan Talk P 4 Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 9

Four Key Level 1 Science Requirements Hubble Parameter – Nikhil Padmanabhan talk P 4 Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 10

Four Key Level 1 Science Requirements Constrain the Growth of Structure by measuring the Redshift Space Distortions (RSD) – Will Percival Talk P 5 Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 11

Four Key Level 1 Science Requirements Measure the galaxy power spectrum, will enable BAO and a host of other science – Will Percival Talk P 5 Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 12

Big. BOSS Level 2 Requirements Targeted galaxies – Kneib B 1. 1, Newman B 1. 2 Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 13

Big. BOSS Level 2 Requirements Measured galaxy redshifts – N. Padmanabhan P 4 Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 14

Big. BOSS Level 2 Requirements Use OII doublet to distinguish from other lines At z=0. 76 OII is redshifted to 6563 Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 15

Big. BOSS Requirements Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 16

Tools for Requirements Definition • BBspecsim Monte Carlo implements detailed list of instrumental effects — see talk by N. Mostek B 4. 5 Big. BOSS Simulation • Event generation – Creates Emission Line Galaxies. Mayall + MOSAIC 1 — Line fluxes from COSMOS catalog — Redshift distributions per PTF measurements — Measured KPNO extinction, sky background — Measured KPNO seeing, PSF and Moffat profile — Zemax calculated optics performance • Data simulator - Generate spectra Blanco + MOSAIC 2 — Zemax calculated based on observatory parameters • 1 D spectrum fitter – Spectrum extraction — Fits simultaneously to OII, OIII, Ha hypothesis Dey and Valdes 2011. 17

Big. BOSS Reference Design • Optimizing the Big. BOSS Experiment involves an interplay of corrector, positioner, fiber, and spectrograph performance, and observing plan • At this time we have created a reference model based on a 4 -meter telescope and a 3. 0 degree diameter instrumented field-of-view. • This reference model is the anchor point for our tradestudies and assessments. • The parameter set for this reference design is internally self-consistent and achievable. • The reference design will reduce risk Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 18

Reference Design 19

Cage & Barrel Assembly • WBS 2. 1 Corrector Cage & Barrel [Sholl B 2. 2]. — Heritage: DES Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 20

Corrector Assembly • • WBS 2. 1 Cage & Barrel Assembly [Sholl B 2. 2] WBS 2. 2 Corrector Assembly [Doel B. 6] • Corrector ingests light at F/2. 8, outputs at F/4. 5 ] — Heritage: DES Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 21

Focal Plane System • Fibers WBS 2. 4 Focal Plane System [Zhai B 5. 4, Prada B 5. 7] (pointing down) — Heritage: LAMOST Prada Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 22

Guider/Focus Sensors • WBS 2. 5 Guider/Focus System [Reil] — Heritage: DES, LSST Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 23

Fiber System • WBS 2. 6 Fiber System [Edelstein B 2. 3] — Heritage: BOSS Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 24

Spectrograph • WBS 2. 7 Spectrograph[Prieto/Carton B 5. 5] — 3 -arms 360 nm – 980 nm — Linear pulse-tube cooler — Heritage: BOSS cryostat One spectrograph Five spectrographs Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 25

Observation Concept • • 1000 sec exposures on average, weighted by seeing conditions 60 secs overhead to reposition fibers, readout CCDs, move telescope Step across survey field in a predetermined pattern. Fields revisited 5 times over 5 years — ELGs gets one observation — LRGs gets two observations — QSOs gets five observations (if z>2. 2) • The Big. BOSS Key Project uses the equivalent of 100 of the 170 dark nights per year — Astronomy community will have access to the instrument through the use of unallocated fibers (synchronous observing) — Astronomy community will have access to the instrument through PI mode during the unallocated time Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 26

Detectors, Electronics, and Data Acquisition • WBS 2. 8 Detector & Front End-Electronics [Roe B 5. 3] — Heritage: BOSS • WBS 2. 9 Instrument Control and Data System [Honscheid B 5. 1] — Heritage DAQ System: BOSS — Heritage Online System: DES Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 27

Fiber View Camera • WBS 2. 3 Fiber View Camera [Baltay B 2. 4] — — — Fibers (pointing down) Determines location of fibers Only possible because corrector is “slow” - F 4. 5 Heritage: FMOS Fiber View Camera (looking up) Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 28

Data System • WBS 2. B Data System [Blanton B 1. 3] — — — WBS 2. B. 1 – Data System R&D Development and Oversight WBS 2. B. 2 – Pipeline Reductions R&D WBS 2. B. 3 – Simulation R&D WBS 2. B. 4 – Targeting & Strategy R&D Plus NERSC [Nugent]+ NOAO [Dickinson] [Weaver] [Bolton] [Bailey] [Dawson] — Heritage: BOSS image: sky lines, cosmic rays groups of 20 fibers Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 29

Mayall Interface • WBS 2. C Mayall Interface [Besuner B 3. 2] — Working closely with NOAO on interfacing — Fiber cable routing — F/8 Mirror Exchange Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 30

Preliminary Studies Undertaken Pre-conceptual Studies: ü Actuator Concepts (USTC, IAA, LBNL) [Zhai – B 5. 4, Prada – B 5. 7] ü Facility Selection (LBNL/UCB) [Sholl – P 3] ü Spectrograph Concepts (LAM/France) – [Sholl – P 3, Prieto – B 5. 5] ü Mayall/Blanco PSF (NOAO) [Silva B 3. 1] ü Optical Concepts (UK, LBNL, NOAO) – [Sholl – B 2. 2] ü DES-Big. BOSS Joint Survey – [Percival P 5] ü Cryogenics/Dewar (Saclay/France) – [Prieto – B 5. 5] ü Target Selection (LBL, U Pitt, LAM) – [Kneib B 1. 1, Newman B 1. 2] ü Telescope Guider/Focus (SLAC) – [Reil B 5. 2] ü Spectrum Extraction (Utah) – [Bolton B 1. 4] ü Community Workshop “desirements” (NOAO) – [Dey B 4. 6] Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 31

Fiber Actuator Study • • Attempt at 10 mm pitch actuators failed to meet specifications USTC 12 mm pitch actuators working, making 20… (reference model) • LBNL variant 12 mm pitch actuators working, will be making 20; plus Spain design about to be fabricated. Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 32

Facility Study: All of the 4 -m telescopes in the world • • Facility study of all 4 m telescopes - see Talk M. Sholl P 3 Telescopes capable of a 3 o diameter Fo. V at f/4. 5 are: — Blanco, Mayall (NOAO) — CFHT (US 501 c 3, Mauna Kea) – transitioning to a 10 m primary — NTT, ESO 3. 6 m – not available — AEOS – military — AAT, MPI-CAHA – neither at good sites, latter is smallest aperture • Blanco & Mayall have similar seeing and weather — Optical twins, Big. BOSS corrector can work either locale • Could enable us to do the entire sky • Could we “remodel” the DES corrector — Requires major modifications – replacement of lenses, though still f/2. 8 (we require f/4. 5). DES corrector system at mass limit of CTIO. — But, poor fiber and spectrograph efficiency; and everything else harder. Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 33

Review Charge In carrying out its charge, the committee is requested to address the following specific items: • Scientific: Are the scientific goals compelling and attainable? Are they justified in relation to other existing and planned experiments? • Technical: Is the current pre-conceptual design and associated implementation approach attainable and likely to satisfy the scientific goals? Have the major risks been identified and is the R&D plan in place to address them? • Cost and Schedule: Are the estimated R&D costs and schedule reasonable and adequately justified? • Management: Is the appropriate management structure and team in place for the R&D effort in the pre-conceptual design phase? We will address the charge… Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 34

1. Scientific: Are the scientific goals compelling and attainable? Are they justified in relation to other existing and planned experiments? • Compelling: Astro 2010 clearly states that the full understanding of Dark Energy is a top priority — The study of dark energy using BAO is a recommendation of DETF <See Cahn B 4. 2> — We have made a detailed analysis of the science reach analytically. <See Mc. Donald B 4. 3> • Attainable: — BOSS is showing that BAO is a robust technique <See White B 4. 1> — We have performed a detailed end-to-end simulation of Big. BOSS. <See Mostek B 4. 5> • Justified: Big. BOSS is compelling and justified in relation to other experiments, and will determine key cosmological parameters. <See Padmanabhan P 4 and Percival P 5> Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 35

2. Technical: Is the current pre-conceptual design and associated implementation approach attainable and likely to satisfy the scientific goals? • We have performed a detailed bottoms up simulation • The simulation meets the scientific goals • The suite of instruments are the basis of the simulation • Implementation approach is based on heritage • There is margin in the specifications of the reference model — <See the NOAO response document for performance under 50% reduced throughput. > Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 36

3. Technical: Have the major risks been identified and is the R&D plan in place to address them? • We have identified the major risks: — — The major scientific risk is the galaxy targeting. The major technical risk is the fiber positioners. The major schedule risk is the corrector. The major cost risk is the spectrograph. • The R&D plan is in place to address these risks. Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 37

Assured Source of Targets: PTF Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 38

4. Cost and Schedule: Are the estimated R&D costs and schedule reasonable and adequately justified? • The R&D cost estimate is a bottoms-up engineered estimate • Management understands the requirements and the scope of the activities. • The size of the project during the R&D is largely level-ofeffort, where we already know the staff and what they will be doing. • The number and scope of tasks is limited and well-defined. • The R&D program can be managed within the schedule & funding constraints. Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 39

5. Management: Is the appropriate management structure and team in place for the R&D effort in the pre-conceptual design phase? • Strong commitment from Laboratory Directorate at LBNL • Director, PI, Project Manger, Deputy PM have extensive experience including in this research area • Well defined reference model • R&D Plan is in place • Collaboration up and running • Expert collaboration Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 40

R&D Organization Chart Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 41

Big. BOSS Expert Collaboration Partners are experienced (Current commitments only to R&D) USTC (China)+Spain: Fiber positioners LAMOST fiber positioners IAA (Spain): Focal plane Yale: fiber view camera /QUEST U Michigan: calibration hardware /JDEM SLAC, Ohio State: data acquisition + guiding BOSS, DES, LSST NOAO: telescope interface, operations GTC Nasmyth mount + positioner design Fermilab (U. S. ): Telescope top-end + lens cell UCL (U. K. ): Telescope optics Dark Energy Survey top-end + optics Durham + IEU (Korea): Fibers + testing FMOS + Fibers for physics exp’ts LAM + CPPM (France): Spectrographs VIMOS spectrographs CEA (France): Cryo systems Megacam cryo Berkeley Lab (U. S. ): CCDs + electronics, optical design, project management WFIRST/JDEM optical design DES, BOSS, JDEM detectors Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 42

R&D Key Activities WBS Area Primary DOE Activities 2. 1 Corrector Cage Assy. Develop optical design. Trade image performance vs. mass of glass vs. fabrication cost and schedule 2. 2 Corrector and ADC Analyze thermal/mechanical stability. 2. 3 Fiber View Camera Centroiding demonstrator 2. 4 Focal Plane System Demonstrate required positioner performance 2. 5 Guide/Focus Study approach and available sensors. Measure Mayall tracking performance 2. 6 Fiber System Develop low focal ratio degradation fiber termination and connectorization. Develop spectrograph fiber slit array concept. 2. 7 Spectrograph Develop optical design concept. Implementation/cost trades. Measure VPH scattered light. Cryogenics demonstrator 2. 8 Detectors & Elect Acquire LBNL CCD wafers. Develop package. Develop frontend electronics concept. 2. 9 Instr Control System Capture interfaces. Create draft ICDs 2. A Science Requirements Develop a Big. BOSS Science Requirements Document 2. B Data System Spectrographic extraction; targeting; pipeline architecture 2. C Mayall Interface Capture interfaces. Document Mayall performance Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 43

R&D Cost Breakdown WBS and Activity Description 1. 0 Management and Systems Engineering 2. 1 Cage & Barrel Components 2. 2 Corrector and ADC 2. 3 Fiber View Camera 2. 4 Focal Plane System (actuators) 2. 5 Guider/Focus Sensors 2. 6 Fiber System 2. 7 Spectrograph 2. 8 Detector and Electronics 2. 9 Instrument Control System 2. A Science Requirements 2. B Data System 2. C Mayall Interface Studies Grand Total Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview FY 12 FY 13 $533, 856 $894, 165 290, 283 320, 013 24, 992 25, 367 49, 622 71, 746 230, 893 313, 443 62, 590 114, 892 139, 485 184, 535 223, 453 238, 995 196, 199 355, 070 73, 372 73, 953 51, 635 159, 661 458, 441 504, 633 344, 548 279, 300 2, 679, 371 3, 535, 773 44

Institutional Agreements • Big. BOSS has established a number of agreements for the R&D phase: • China (MOA) • France (MOA) • Spain (MOA) • UK (MOA) [approved for pre-concept by STFC] • A number of agreements or exchange of letters for access to target selection data: • PTF-1 (formal MOU) • PTF-2 (see letter) • Pan. STARRS-1 • WISE • WIYN • Some of the target selection will be through competitive proposals. • Letter regarding NERSC availability under HEP allocation Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 45

Preliminary Project Schedule DES (actual) Big. BOSS NOAO Announcement Dec. 2003 Dec. 2009 Proposal July 2004 Oct. 2010 NOAO review Sept. 2004 Nov. 2010 CD-0 Nov. 2005 ? Jan. 2012 ? CDR May 2007 ? June 2013 ? PDR Jan. 2008 ? Feb 2014 ? MOU between NOAO & FNAL May 2008 ? April 2014 ? First Light 2012 ? 2018 ? Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 46

Simplified Schedule Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 47

Big. BOSS Cost CD-1 to CD-4 Costs are Escalated $K without Contingency • Our estimate for Big. BOSS is based on a ~1000 line project file, many vendor ROM estimates, but is pre-conceptual. Foreign costed as if DOE. WBS Description DOE Funded 1. 0 Management and SE 6, 573 3. 1 Cage & Barrel 4, 651 3. 2 Corrector and ADC 3. 3 Fiber Camera 351 3. 4 Focal Plane System 504 3. 5 Guider/Focus Sensor 3. 6 Fiber System 120 1, 014 1, 332 2, 407 3. 7 Spectrograph 365 9, 499 1, 240 11, 104 3. 8 Detector and FEE 3, 932 3. 9 Instr Control Syst 2, 857 3. A Instrument I&T 1, 427 5. 0 Data System 3, 770 Total Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview Foreign Funded 3, 945 Common Fund 4, 110 8, 054 351 9, 447 9, 951 1, 836 26, 385 Grand Total 1, 836 23, 905 6, 681 56, 912 48

Cost Discussion • Without contingency: $57 M all sources (CD-1 to CD-4) — $26 M DOE — $7 M Common Fund — $24 M Foreign • Need DOE approval [CD-0] to negotiate non-US, and common fund MOUs for funding commitments. • Pre-conceptual contingency estimate ~35% on US portion • Pre-conceptual cost range on DOE portion: $36 M – $56 M — Assumptions for discussion in CSM breakout • Operating expenses: — NOAO/Mayall + Big. BOSS Instrument Operations ~ $5 – 6 M/yr. — Assumes NERSC hardware support. — NOAO community and archiving support not included. Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 49

Summary • Science: High value robust science —Stage-IV Dark Energy experiment based on proven technique. • Concept: Have developed a self-consistent reference design. • Big. BOSS has extensive heritage —Experiment based on proven techniques – hardware, software, & analysis. —Instrumentation from LAMOST, BOSS, & DES. —Collaboration is world-class in BAO science (and two laureates!), includes experts from BOSS and DES, and in the key technologies, continuing to expand in depth and breadth. —Very strong institutional support, team is in place. —Management experienced in projects of this scale. • R&D —We are developing R&D technologies. These need to be completed. —Simulation advanced, significant early trade-studies completed. v. Ready to develop a full conceptual design and cost estimate Dec. 6, 2011 Michael Levi Talk P 1 Project Overview 50