Big Bang timeline Big Bang Timeline 13 7
Big Bang: timeline
Big Bang Timeline 13. 7 billion years ago – Before the Big Bang, the universe was a hot point ( ) of pure energy : l Tremendous levels of radiation and heat prevented particles of matter from forming.
Big Bang Timeline 10 - 36 sec - 10 - 32 sec – Inflation Epoch - A sort of “reverse gravity” ballooned the universe to about a trillion times bigger diameter (from a pinpoint to about the size of a grain of sand!!).
Big Bang Timeline 10 - 32 sec after the Big Bang l “Quark l The Soup” (Quark / Gluon Plasma) 4 forces separate: l Gravity l Strong l Weak Nuclear Force l Electromagnetic Force…
Big Bang Timeline 10 - 32 sec after the Big Bang l “Quark Soup” (Quark / Gluon Plasma) l …leaving a superhot, charged plasma of the tiniest particles of matter: Quarks Leptons electrons & neutrinos
Big Bang Timeline l (This mess is nicknamed “Quark Soup”. ) l The Universe is still only the size of a tennis ball at this point, l but it’s growing like crazy!!)
Big Bang Timeline 10 - 6 sec (1/1, 000 sec) – 1 sec after Big Bang l As the universe expands, it cools off quickly. l The ambient temperature in the universe drops to a mere 1 trillion degrees… l …as the Universe has expands rapidly until it reaches 80 billion miles across.
Big Bang Timeline - 6 sec 10 (1/1, 000 sec) - 1 sec after the Big Bang Proton It is cool enough that quarks collide and join to form protons & neutrons Neutron
Big Bang Timeline l These protons are the first atomic nuclei (of hydrogen atoms). Proton l Most hydrogen atoms are as old as the universe.
Big Bang Timeline 10 - 6 sec (1/1, 000 sec) - 1 sec ( continued) Note: At the same time: l anti-quarks joined to form l anti-protons and l anti-neutrons.
Big Bang Timeline 10 - 5 sec (1/100, 000 sec) (cont. ) Much of the matter and all of the anti-matter annihilated each other, filling the universe with huge amounts of radiation.
Big Bang Timeline 10 - 5 sec (1/100, 000 sec) (cont. ) Much of the matter and all of the anti-matter annihilated each other, filling the universe with huge amounts of radiation.
Big Bang Timeline 33 min 20 minutesafterthe Big Bang min - 20 Universe expands to form a a thermonuclear fireball thermonuclear 1. 3 trillion miles across!
Big Bang Timeline 3 min - 20 minutes after the Big Bang Neutrons and protons collide and finally stick together to form Helium (He) nuclei… (held together by the strong nuclear force)
Big Bang Timeline 3 min - 20 minutes after the Big Bang Neutrons and protons collide and finally stick together to form Helium (He) nuclei… (held together by the strong nuclear force)
Big Bang Timeline 3 min - 20 minutes after the Big Bang …(and just a handful of Lithium (Li) nuclei). Evidence: The universe is still 99. 9 % H and He today. (92. 7 % H and 7. 2 % He)
Big Bang Timeline 3 min - 20 minutes after the Big Bang Primordial Nucleosynthesis Neutrons and protons collide to form Helium (He) nuclei… 3 He
Big Bang Timeline 3 min - 20 minutes after the Big Bang As the fireball expands to a couple of 1000 times bigger than our solar system: l Temperatures drop below 1 billiono C for the first time.
Big Bang Timeline 3 min - 20 minutes after the Big Bang Electrons are flying around unattached to atoms, trapping photons of light, ultraviolet and x-ray radiation and keeping the universe opaque.
Big Bang Timeline 3 min - 20 minutes after the Big Bang These “cooler” temperatures cause fusion reactions to stop before larger elements can form. Beryllium “Bottleneck”
Big Bang Timeline 3 min - 20 minutes after the Big Bang These “cooler” temperatures cause fusion reactions to stop before larger elements can form. Evidence: the universe is still 99. 9 % Hydrogen & Helium today!
Big Bang Timeline 380, 000 years later l Temperature l The drops to 3000 o C. universe had grown a lot (about 42 million ly across), but it was still 1100 X smaller than it is today.
Big Bang Timeline 380, 000 years later l Temperature drops to 3000 o C. l Electrons down… slow
Big Bang Timeline 380, 000 years later …and start to orbit the atomic nuclei to make atoms of Helium hydrogen, helium and lithium. Lithium
Big Bang Timeline 380, 000 years later – continued Matter and energy decouple (separate from each other) as atoms form. Photons of light and neutrinos stopped interacting with electrons and are no longer “trapped”.
Big Bang Timeline 380, 000 years later – continued This decoupling released huge amounts of gamma rays and cosmic rays. Decoupling also cleared up the universe, which became transparent. .
Big Bang Timeline 380, 000 years later – continued This high energy radiation has cooled off to become the still seen today.
Big Bang Timeline 380, 000 years later – continued l 1967 - discovered by Penzias and Wilson l Studied in greater detail, first by the COBE and more recently by the WMAP space exploration projects. These images show the universe as it appeared 13. 7 billion years ago. (See next frame. )
Cosmic Background Microwave Radiation (WMAP Satellite Shows a More Detailed Image) COBE WMAP
Deep. Bang Field Telescope View of Big Timeline the Early Galaxies 500 Million to 1 Billion Years Later (12. 7 b. y. ago) l Gravity causes clouds of and to condense into lumpy pockets called (about 100 billion of them!). l (The pockets of intense radiation on the WMAP are thought to be the sources of the first galaxies. )
Pleiades – An Open Big. The. Bang Timeline Star Cluster 500 Million to 1 Billion Years Later (12. 7 b. y. ago) l Within each galaxy, smaller balls of and were pulled inward by gravity and the first were formed. l The first stars were composed entirely of and.
Big Bang Timeline 500 Million to 1 Billion Years Later (12. 7 b. y. ago) l These first stars were 100 X more massive than the sun and l “burned out” much more quickly than our sun: l Early l Our Stars: 1 – 3 million years Sun: 10 billion years
Big Bang Timeline 3 Billion Years After the Big Bang to Todayl Galaxies l Stars evolve and form clusters. die out and spew heavier elements into space.
Big Bang Timeline 9. 1 Billion Years After the Big Bang (4. 6 billion years ago) Earth’s Sun and Solar System formed after 750 generations of stars had come and gone.
Big Bang Timeline 9. 1 Billion Years After the Big Bang… (4. 6 billion years ago) (Our sun is made up of a lot of “recycled” parts from earlier stars, not just H & He, but Li, C, O, Na, Ca, Fe and many others.
Big Bang Timeline “Quark He & Li Soup” Nuclei Pure 1 st Protons Energy (H Nuclei) & Neutrons First Galaxies Atoms and Stars Galaxies Our Form Evolve Sun The Skies Clear… 13. 7 Billion years 380, 000 years 10 -6 sec 3 min Today 3 Billion Years 9 Billion Years
A Stanmo Production Thanks to NASA and JPL for the great pix. 2008
Matter & the fate of the universe Not Enough Matter Just Enough Matter Too Much Matter
Big Bang Timeline P+ & N 0 Combine First to form Galaxies He & Li Atoms “Quark and Galaxies Our Nuclei Form Soup” st Stars Evolve Sun 1 Protons Pure The Skies (H Nuclei) Energy Clear… & Neutrons 380, 000 years 10 -6 sec 3 min Today 13. 7 Billion years 9 Billion Years 3 Billion Years
Big Bang Timeline “Quark He & Li Soup” Nuclei Pure 1 st Protons Energy (H Nuclei) & Neutrons Atoms Form First Our Galaxies Stars Sun The Skies Clear… 13. 7 Billion years 380, 000 years 10 -6 sec 3 min Today 3 Billion Years 9 Billion Years
Big Bang Timeline 10 - 32 sec – “Quark Soup”
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