Bibliography Citation of Sources Failing to include citations

Bibliography

Citation of Sources • Failing to include citations will lead to a heavy point deduction in Part A. • Omitting a bibliography or works cited brings an automatic two-point deduction in Part B. • You must consistently and accurately apply the Chicago (Turabian) style. You must use in-text citations, footnotes, or end notes (depending on the style you’ve chosen). • You must cite anything that you quote or paraphrase (summarize in your own words) from your sources. • Very general information that is considered “common knowledge” (including facts from encyclopedias or survey textbooks) does not have to be cited provided that it is not a direct quote. • While we are on the subject, remember that encyclopedia articles (especially Wikipedia) are not specific or academic enough to be used as major sources for this project.

Example of Chicago (Turabian) Style Bibliography • Online Citation Generator • Chicago Style Quick Guide • Style Book Quick Guide • Example of a paper using Chicago Style

Example of an Annotated Bibliography • Chicago style format for an Annotated Bibliography • Hanging Indents are required for citations in the bibliography, as shown below. That is, the first line of the citation starts at the left margin, and subsequent lines are indented 4 spaces. • The bibliography is double-spaced between the citation and description, as well as between sources. • Sources MUST be listed in alphabetical order • Lozier, J. D. , P. Aniello, and M. J. Hickerson. "Predicting the distribution of Sasquatch in western North America: anything goes with ecological niche modelling. " Journal of Biogeography 36, no. 9 (2009): 1623 -627. This paper critiques the use of Ecological Niche Models (ENM) and species distribution by performing a tonguein-cheek examination of the distribution of the fictional Sasquatch, based on reports from an online Bigfoot archive. Lozier's paper powerfully demonstrates the issues faced by ENM, when reports come from nonspecialists, and highlights key problems with sourcing data from unmediated online environments. The author neglects to compare the reliability of the many wildlife databases with the single Bigfoot database, as well as other key issues, however in closing the paper briefly mentions that many issues lie outside the scope of the short article. Lozier's paper advises professionals in fields using ENM to carefully assess the source of the data on which the model is based, and concludes that the distribution of rare species in particular is often overreported to to misidentification.

Ibid. (Latin, short for ibidem, meaning "the same place") • The first time a source is cited, give the complete information as in the above example. • For the second and next consecutive reference to the same source (with the same page number) use Ibid. • If the reference is the same, but the page is not, add the page number, like this: Ibid. , 44. • For subsequent reference to the same source, but later in the paper, use an abbreviated version of the reference, using the author's last name, a shortened version of the title, and the page number. For example: Deans, Kroeger, and Zeisel, HBR, 21. Footnotes/endnotes: The first time the in-text reference is cited you must include, author's first name, author's last name, title, place of publication, publisher name, year and referenced pages. e. g. 1. James Smith, The first and last war, (New York, Hamilton, 2003). 2. If the citation has already been cited it may be shortened to author's last name, shortened title, and page referenced number. e. g. Smith, The first, 220 -221. 3. If the citation has been referenced immediately prior, the note may be shortened even further to ibid with the page number. e. g. Ibid. , 786.

Avoid Plaigerism • Plagiarizing: • Plagiarism occurs when one uses, intentionally or unintentionally, someone else’s words or ideas without giving them credit. 1[1] You must cite any direct quotes. • You must also provide citations when you paraphrase someone else’s ideas in your own words. Obviously, you should NEVER copy large sections of someone else’s work and pass them off as your own. • The IA graders do check your sources. 1[1] “Plagiarism: What It Is and How to Avoid It, ” Writing Tutorial Services. Indiana University, Bloomington. April 2004.