Bibliographical Control by Dr Muhammad Ismail Presentation 1
Bibliographical Control by Dr. Muhammad Ismail Presentation 1
Definitions l l 2 Bibliographical Control is the development and maintenance of a system of adequate recording of all forms of material published and unpublished, printed, audio-visual or otherwise, which adds to the sum of human knowledge and information. (The students hand book, London: Library Association) Bibliographical control mean the mastery over written and published records. (Unesco)
Explanation l 3 Thus it mean to list all that has been published or unpublished and bring it into the notice of scholarly world.
Reasons for bibliographical control l l 4 Information explosion The flood of literature Ever increasing printing presses To avoid duplication in research and discovery
Figures about book production l l 5 1 in 1955 Unesco estimated 2, 85, 000 books were produced throughout the world In 1968 the figure was 4, 87000 (out of which 20% were from Asia and Africa. ) According to another source, that in 1963 there were 200 million books published. Thus the bulk of literature doubles 10 to 15 years
How to control l l 6 There is need to list all publications published anywhere in the world. The listing approach may be through Universal Bibliography (International) National or local.
Universal bibliography l l 7 A bibliography of the world’s books. (Harrods Librarians’ Glossary) A bibliography of all the books published anywhere in the world. (ALA)
Universal Bibliography (Continued) l l 8 Universal bibliography is a listing of ooks without any restriction as to author subject, language, or place of publication. It aims to be comprehinsive
Attempts made so far l l l 9 Conard Gesner (1516 -1565), produced his Bibliotheca Universilis in 1545. It is considered first universal bibliography according to Western accounts. Ludwing Hain compiled his Repertorium Bibliographicum b/w 1826 -1838, which was a universal list of Incunabulas. It was in 2 vols. , anc contained about 16000 cradle book. Lewinskii, compiled in 1911, his Lewinskik’s Code, contained a list of 25 crore books
Attempts made so far (Continued) l l l 10 In 1895, P. Otlet, and H. L Fontaine attempted to compile a universal bibliography, which latter came to be known as Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). Unesco has also stressed its member nations to compile their national bibliographies, so that on the bases of which a universal bibliography can be prepared. But it is almost impossible to compile such a list.
National Bibliographies l l 11 A bibliography which lists all books and other publications published in a particular country, irrespective of language. (P. N. Gour) A bibliography which list all publications published in a country, about a country (whether written by its nationales or not) and those written in the language of the country. (Harrods Librarians’ Glossary)
Importance l l 12 In the past, it was possible for a scholar to make himself informed about the existing literature of his interest. But after the invention of the printing press it is impossible to inform yourself about all the literature in a particular field because of the ever-increasing flood of literature.
Importance (Continued) l l 13 But attempts can be made to list as much as possible, all publications published in a country. Thus by this way important and necessary information about books can be brought into the notice of scholars at least at national level.
Pakistan National Bibliography l l 14 PNB is the national bibliography of Pakistan Issued by the National Library of Pakistan All books received in the National Library of Pakistan under the book delivery act of 1962 are listed in PNB. It gives all bibliographical information like author, title, etc
PNB (Continued) l l l 15 List books of 13 languages, i. e. 1. English 2. Urdu 3. Hindi 4. Pashto 5. Arabic 6. Punjabi 7. Sindhi 8. Baluchi 9. Saraiki 10. Brahvi 11. Persian 12. Gujrati 13. Kashmiri Entries are arranged according to AACR-2 Names are entered according to the rules set by Dr. Anis Khurshid
PNB (Continued) At the end of PNB a list of Leading Publishers and Booksellers of Pakistan is also provided. l It does not list keys and guides, text books, maps, music, periodical publications (except first issue). l It has two sections: 1. English Publications 2. Urdu and other publications l 16
PNB (continued) l l 17 The arrangement is subject-wise, and authorwise DDC 20 th is used
Indian National Bibliography l l l Issued by the National library of India It list books in 13 languages Monthly, commulated annually Does not include maps, periodicls (except first issue), text books, keys and guides, pamphlets, musics. It is divided into two parts: – – 18 1. General Publications 2. Official Publications
INB (continued) l l 19 Arranged in two ways: 1. Alphabetical order 2. Subject/Classified order (DDC and CC is used. ) Uses Roman script for all publications.
British National Bibliography l l 20 First Published in 1950 by the Council of British National Bibliography from London. It includes all the material received in the British Library under the copy right act Initially a weekly, but now a monthly publication. It is cumulated quarterly and then annually Five years comulations are also available
BNB (continued) l l l 21 Having two parts: 1. Classified: Entries are arranged according to DDC. 2. Alphabetical: Entries are arranged under author in one alphabetical order.
BNB (continued) l l 22 Besides books, it also includes serials, theses, microforms, and articles about country published elsewhere. It does not include cheap novels, government publications, text books, music rolls, periodicals (except first issue)
BNB (continued) l l l 23 Books received in the following libraries under the Book Delivery Act of 1911 are entered in BNB: British Museum Library (British Library) Bodlien Library (Oxford University Library) Cambridge University Library Trinity College Library National Library of Scotland
Bibliographical Control in Pakistan l l 24 Pakistan lagged behind many nations of the world in term of bibliographic control. When Pakistan came into being, there were no proper bibliographic compilations. Also no copy right act was drafted until 1960. Thus “the Press and Registration of Books Act of 1867” and “Indian Copy Right Act” was enforced.
Bib. Control in Pak (continued) l l 25 Under this act all states of India were made obligatory to compile a catalogue at quarterly frequency of all the publications. Under this act three copies of each publication were required to be deposited to: 1. Secretary to the State of India 2. Public Library run by the respective Local govt. 3. Governor General of India
Bib. Control in Pak (continued) l l 26 Thus the law could not serve the purpose of Pakistan well. In 1962, the Government of Pakistan passed the “Copy Right Ordinance” which was enforced in 1967. Under it the following three libraries were notified as Legal Deposit Libraries: 1. National Library of Pakistan, Islamabad 2. Liaqat Memorial Library, Karachi 3. Central Library, Dacca. It was a great effort towards bibliographical control in Pakistan and for the compilation of a national bibliography.
Pakistan Bibliographical Working Group. (PBWG) l l l 27 Established in 1950 with the assistance of Unesco. The main aim of the group was: To compile retrospective national bibliography of Pakistan To compile subject bibliography. To compile bibliographies/catalogues of periodicals.
PBWG (continued) l l l 28 Some of the bibliographies prepared by the group are: 1. Guide to works of reference published in Pakistan, 1953 Retrospective national bibliography of Pakistan, 1947 -1961. A guide to periodical publications and newspapers of Pakistan, 1953 A bibliography of bibliographies in Pakistan, 1961.
Pakistan Bibliographical Unit (NBU) l l 29 NBU was established in 1962 under the Directorate of Archive and Libraries, with its office in the Liaqat Memorial Library, Karachi. The main aims of the Unit were: 1. To compile current national bibliography 2. To compile subject bibliographies 3. To compile select bibliography 4. To meet bibliographical needs of the country.
NBU (continued) l l l 30 The Unit published the 1962 bibliography in 1966. Besides that there were gaps and delays in the publications of bibliographies. In order to avoid delay in the publications of current national bibliographies, it started “Accession List of Pakistan” as at Bi-annual basis (six month basis). In 1978 it was made quarterly (3 month basis). It is a monthly since 1985 and containing list of current published books. It is commulated annually and named as National Bibliography of Pakistan.
NBU (continued) l 31 NBU issued the following works so far: 1. Pakistan Index Translations, 1963 -1965 2. Published several Subject bibliographies. 3. PNB
Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE) l l l 32 Established in 1957 It was an autonomous research organization for bibliographical control in Pakistan It works for the publication of bibliographies in the field of economics.
Aims l l 33 To conduct research in Pakistan economics To exchange economics information with national and international organizations
Pakistan Scientific and Technical Information Centre (PASTIC) l l l l 34 Formerly named as Pakistan National scientific Documentation Centre (PONSDOC) It’s a national documentation centre for providing information services in science and technology Founded in 1957 with its main office in Karachi In 1974 its office was shifted to Islamabad. Worked under PCSIR till 1974 and renamed in the same year. Since 1974 it work under the supervision of Pakistan Science Foundation. Having four branches in Karachi, Quetta, Lahore, and Peshawar.
Achievements l l l 35 Having prepared hundreds of bibliographies so far. Main achievements are : Directory of Scientific Periodicals in Pakistan in 3 volumes Pakistan Science Abstract, published since 1962 on quarterly bases with intervals, containing abstracts of scientific articles in national scientific journals. Union catalogue of scientific periodicals of Pakistan.
National Book Council of Pakistan l l l 36 Established in Pakistan in 1962 as National Book Centre of Pakistan Renamed as NBCP in 1975 Contributed a great deal in respect of bibliographical control in Pakistan It was established with the assistance of Unesco with its main office in Karachi It worked together with publishers, booksellers, authors, librarians and printers to create reading habits in the public. It also conduct surveys and investigate the reading tastes and needs of the public.
Objectives l l l 37 To collect and publish data about books To hold book exhibitions To promote cooperation b/w and among different sects of book world like writers, publishers etc.
Contributions l l l 38 Books in Pakistan 1965 Children books in Urdu Reference books in Urdu English language publications from Pakistan English language periodicals from Pakistan It also used to issue a journal “Kitab” from 1966 to the mid of 1990 s from Lahore office.
Conclusion l l l 39 The organizations discussed above mainly work for books and periodicals No institution in Pakistan has produce a regular, update and comprehensive list of theses HEC has compiled a list of Ph. D theses but there is need to compile a comprehensive list of all theses and dissertations.
l l 40 Thus the present situation of bibliographic control in Pakistan is not satisfactory. The only publication in this respect is PNB but it even can not cover half of the book production.
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