Bi BIPOLAR DISORDER F 31 PETRA JURINA Definition

Bi BIPOLAR DISORDER F. 31. PETRA JURINA

Definition = manic-depressive illness bi- means two; pol/o means extreme - brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person’s moods, energy and ability to function - symptoms are severe - cycles last days, weeks, months - first manic or depressive episode usually in adolescence

Classification Bipolar I - classic manic-depressive - most severe - at least one manic or mixed episode Bipolar II - episodes of hypomania and severe depression - at least one hypomanic and one major depressive episode Cyclothymia /cyclothymic disorder – hypomania and mild depression - highs and downs aren’t so severe

Etiology no single cause - heredity - 2/3 of bipolar patients have family history of mental disorders - biological differences - abnormal levels of certain chemicals (dopamine) - enviromental factors - stress, abuse, significant loss or other traumatic experiences

Risk factors - having blood relatives (parent, sibling) with bipolar disorder - periods of high stress - drug or alcohol abuse - major life changes (death of a loved one) - being between 15 and 30 years old

Symptoms Mania Depression - euphoria - inflated self-esteem - decreased need for sleep - excessive talkativeness - grandiosity - distractability - pursuit of risky behaviors or activities - increased sociability - loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed - changes in appetite (weight gain/loss ) - changes in sleep patterns (difficulty sleeping /oversleeping) - agitation - loss of energy - trouble concentrating, thinking - repeated thoughts of suicide, death

Symptoms

Diagnosis - medical history - physical exam - lab tests (blood & urine) - pshycological examination - mood charting

Treatment -hospitalization (suicidal behaviour/ detached from reality, psychotic) - initial treatment - continued treatment - substance abuse treatment

Treatment - medications - lithium - anticonvulsans lamotrigine, valproate - antidepressants - tricyclics, MAO inhibitors - antipsychotics - olanzapine, risperidone - benzodiazepines - psychotherapy - cognitive behavioral therapy - education - family therapy - group therapy and other - Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

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Reference http: //en. wikipedia. org http: //www. mayoclinic. com/