BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP INNOVATION CAREER HUB BDU RUSA
BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INNOVATION & CAREER HUB BDU RUSA RESEARCH, INNOVATION & CAREER HUB FOUNDATION (Registered under Sector 8 of Companies Act, 2013) BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024. Offers Online Course on ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - An Innovative Paradigm for Smart Computing Noon Date : 27 -04 -2020 to 01 -05 -2020 Time: 11. 00 A. M. to 12. 00
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A N I NNOVATIVE P ARADIGM FOR S MART C OMPUTING DR. P. SHANMUGAVADIVU PROFESSOR , DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &APPLICATIONS GANDHIGRAM RURAL INSTITUTE (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY) GANDHIGRAM, DINDIGUL, TAMIL NADU, INDIA. psvadivu 67@gmail. com
COURSE OUTLINE Day 1: Artificial Intelligence – An Overview Day 2: Machine Learning Algorithms – Part 1 Day 3: Machine Learning Algorithms – Part 2 Day 4: Neural Networks & Deep Learning Day 5: Convolutional Neural Networks
DAY 1: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – AN OVERVIEW
AGENDA 1 Genesis of AI 2 The Power of AI 3 AI and Problem Solving 4 AI Break-Through 5. Applications of AI 5 Q&A
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - THE INITIAL HOPS § 1950 – Alan Turing [ Inventor of Turing Machine (Abstract machine), 1936] published an article, “Computing Machines and Intelligence”, raising a question – Can machines think? § 1956 – John Mc. Carthy organised a Workshop titled, “Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence” at Dartmouth College. § The topics for brainstorming were, “Computers, Natural Language Processing, Neural Networks, Theory of Computation, Abstraction and Creativity”. 6
THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF AI The Founding Fathers of Artificial Intelligence 7
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DEFINITIONS OF AI § § John Mc. Carthy first coined the term Artificial Intelligence in 1956 ü Defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. Merriam-Webster ü ü § A branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behaviour in computers the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behaviour English Oxford Living Dictionary ü The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. 9
DEFINITIONS OF AI § The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as • • § § Visual perception, Speech recognition, Decision-making, and Translation between languages. Refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving. The modern definition of AI is "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success. 10
DEFINITIONS OF AI - CONTD… The field developing computers and robots capable of parsing data contextually to provide requested information, supply analysis, or trigger events based on findings. Through techniques like machine learning and neural networks, companies globally are investing in teaching machines to ‘think’ more like humans. - Business insider. com 11
THE TREND OF AI • Expert System for Industrial Applications using LISP, PROLOG, was on the rise in 1980’s • A comeback for Neural Networks in late 1980’s • A steep fall for Expert system in early 1990’s • A hibernation period for AI, since late 1990’s • AI has returned with a BANG!!!! 12
EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1950 s– 1970 s Neural Networks Early work with neural networks stirs excitement for “thinking machines. ” 1980 s– 2010 s Machine Learning Machine learning becomes popular. Present Day Deep Learning Deep learning breakthroughs drive AI boom. 13
WHY AI? § One of Fastest Growing & cutting-edge Technologies § Has redefined the art of Computing for Problem Solving § Has brought-in a Paradigm Shift in Computing § Offers a spectrum of Computing Models for Problem Solving § Capable of handling ‘big data’ § Seldom needs human intervention § AI is ideally suitable for Interdisciplinary Problems!!!
WHY AI? - CONTD… The highly complex nature of many real-world problems, though, often means that development of specialized algorithms can solve them perfectly; offering seamless solutions every time is proved to be impractical.
WHY SUDDEN TAKE-OFF OF AI? § Availability of Data has increased due to explosion in Smart Mobiles and devices § More Computing Power is available, such as NVIDIA GPUs § Release/development of new algorithms, APIs and Platforms for AI
WHY SUDDEN TAKE-OFF OF AI? – CONTD…
OUTGROWTH OF AI 18
WHAT MAKES AI SPECIAL? § Solutions for o Is this Cancer? o What is the market value of this house? o Which of these people are good friends with each other? o Will this rocket engine explode on take off? o Will this person like this movie? o Who is this? o What did you say?
ARENA OF AI § Synonyms of AI are: • computational intelligence, synthetic intelligence or computational rationality. § AI research is an amalgamation of • • • Computer science Psychology Philosophy Neuroscience Cognitive science Linguistics Operations Research Economics Control Theory Probability and Statistics Optimization & Logic. 20
AI AND PROBLEM-SOLVING § § No humans are required Artificial Intelligence algorithms can provide Optimal and accurate solutions AI is seamlessly contributing to transformation of society & industrial revolution Example: Tea cup Face Phone 21
AI - THE CONTEXT § Problems which can be handled by deterministic algorithm e. g. Recognizing a 3 D object from a given Scene, Handwriting Recognition, Speech Recognition § Problems which don’t have a fixed solution and goal-posts keep changing. System adapts and learns from experience e. g. SPAM emails, Financial fraud, IT Security Framework § Where Solutions are Individual-Specific or Time-Dependent or Event-specific e. g. Recommender System / Targeted Advertisements § For prediction, based on past and existing patterns e. g. Prediction of Share Prices etc. ,
BREAK-THROUGHS IN AI #1 IBM DEEP BLUE (1996) § On May 11, 1997, an IBM computer called IBM ® Deep Blue ® beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov, after a six-game match: Two wins for IBM, One for the champion and Three draws. § The match lasted several days and received massive media coverage around the world. It was the classic plot line of man vs. machine. Behind the contest, however, was important computer science, pushing forward the ability of computers to handle the kinds of complex calculations needed to help discover new medical drugs; do the broad financial modeling needed to identify trends and do risk analysis; handle large database searches; and perform massive calculations needed in many fields of science. 23
BREAK-THROUGHS IN AI #2 HUMANOID SOPHIA (2015) Sophia was introduced to the United Nations on October 11, 2017. Sophia was created by Hong Kong-based Hanson Robotics and can carry out a wide range of human actions. She is capable of making up to fifty facial expressions and can equally express feelings. On October 25 th, she was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, making her the first humanoid robot ever to have a nationality. She has very expressive eyes and her Artificial Intelligence revolves around human values, including sense of humour World's first robot citizen Sophia to deliver talk at IIT-BHU on Friday Sophia is a social humanoid robot, which can display more than 60 facial expressions - February 13, 2020 16: 54 IST World's "First Robot Citizen" Talks About Climate Change On India Visit Sophia said addressing event ''Conversation with Humans'' 24
BREAK-THROUGHS IN AI #3 IBM PROJECT DEBATER (2018) IBM’s project debater made headlines when it pitted its machine against a world champion human. Though the machine lost that debate, the confidence of the researchers to put a machine at the helm of a world champion is noteworthy. In case of the debate at the Cambridge Union, the team went ahead and used two machines to debate against each other. 25
AI AND BEYOND § § § General Artificial Intelligence (GAI): (Strong AI or true AI), refers to AI with advanced human-like intelligence levels. While current machines are superior to humans at select tasks, there is currently no AI that can successfully replicate the full depth and breadth of human skills and cognition. This is a complement of Narrow AI. Conversational AI: A popular NLP use is Conversational AI, commonly seen in online chatbots, which use AI to mimic human conversation, via online chat. The chatbot market has taken off in the past few years, bringing cost savings and improved customer service to nearly all industries, especially in the booming e-commerce trend. Machine Learning: Machine learning is an artificial intelligence-based technique that learns and evolves based on experience through training. Some common machine learning applications include operating self-driving cars, managing investment funds, performing legal discovery, making medical diagnoses, and evaluating creative work. Some machines are even being taught to play games. Neural Networks: Neural networks is an artificial intelligence technique modeled after connections in the human brain, capable of learning and improving over time. Apple adapted Siri’s voice recognition technology to use neural networks in 2014, and Google introduced the technology to improve Chinese-English translations on Google Translate and many more. Deep Learning: Deep learning or “unsupervised learning” is the next generation of artificial intelligence that lets computers teach themselves. Deep learning techniques program machines to perform high-level thought and abstractions, such as image recognition. The technology has advanced marketing by enabling more personalization, audience clustering, predictive marketing, and sophisticated brand sentiment analysis. 26
APPLICATIONS OF AI 27
TAKE-AWAY POINTS § AI is a new domain of computing, with new horizons and promises § It is seamlessly broadening its boundaries of computing, beyond imagination. § The Application domains are plenty § AI has two sub-domains: Machine Learning & Deep Learning § Next, session on Machine Learning Algorithms……. . 28
REFERENCES WEB RESOURCES 29
Q&A 30
THANK YOU ALL CONTACT: DR. P. SHANMUGAVADIVU psvadivu 67@gmail. com 9443736780
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