Better Life in a Better World 10013028 10013016

Better Life in a Better World 10013028吳峻逵 10013016洪國峻 10020002廖珈郁 9913038林青巧

能源問題分析 Energy analysis

火力發電 Thermal power

核能發電 Nuclear energy

核能分布 Distributed Map

核能發電的國際趨勢 The international trend of nuclear power generation 核能是目前唯一具有經濟效益的永續能源（Sustainable Energy），多樣性的潛力使得核能的發展無可限量。 Nuclear energy is currently the only economically sustainable energy, the diversity of potential makes the development of nuclear energy is enormous 核能發展的趨勢可以分成 4種方向： The trend of the development of nuclear energy can be divided into four kinds of direction 1. 持續改進現有核分裂（Nuclear fission）反應器，朝向更安全、運轉更有彈性、效率更高、更經濟、 對環境更友善的方向大步邁進。 Continuous improvement of existing nuclear fission reactor toward safer operation more flexible, more efficient, more economical and more environmentally friendly direction a big step forward. 2. 開發快滋生反應器（Fast Breeder Reactor），大幅提升能源使用效率，奠定永續能源的基礎。 Fast Breeder Reactor significantly increase energy efficiency, and to lay the foundation of sustainable energy 3. 人類的永續發展不是只有能源供應，水資源與氫能源的拓展更形重要，核能應用於產生氫能源（ Hydrogen energy） 與海水淡化 （Seawater Desalination） 有積極重要的貢獻。 Sustainable human development is not only energy supply, water resources, hydrogen energy to expand even more important, nuclear energy used to generate hydrogen and desalination have a positive and important contribution. 4. 核融合（Nuclear fusion）是人類能源的最終解決方案（Total solution），也是最有善環境的永續能源。 Nuclear fusion is the final solution of human energy, most have a good environment, sustainable energy

更進步的第四代核分裂反應器 More advanced fourth generation fission reaction 目前世界上有十多項新的第四代反應器正積極發展中，共同的設計目標就是： The world is actively developing a number of new fourth-generation reactor, a common design goal is …. 1. 更安全：改良設計，把事故發生機率降低10~30倍。 More Safer : Improved design, the probability of accidents reduced by 10 to 30 times 2. 運轉更有彈性：全自動電腦化電廠，控制調度更靈活。 Operation more flexible : Automatic computerized plant control more flexible scheduling 3. 效率更高：比現有發電效率提升30%~70%。 Efficient : Increased by 30% to 70% more efficient than the current generation. 4. 更經濟：建造成本是現有電廠的1/2~1/3，大幅提升競爭力。 More economical : Construction costs of existing plants, 1/2 to 1/3, and significantly enhance their competitiveness. 5. 對環境更友善：廢料產量為現有電廠的1/2~1/3，民眾輻射也只有現在的1/4。 More friendly to the environment: Waste production of existing plants 1/2 to 1/3, and the public radiation only 1/4

水力發電 Hydroelectric

有利方面 Good • 清潔：水能為可再生能源，基本無�染。 hydropower renewable energy, basic non-polluting. • 營運成本低，效率高，水能 90%轉成電能 Low operating costs, high efficiency • 可按需供電； can be used convenience • 控制洪水泛濫 Control flooding • 提供灌�用水 supply water for irrigation • 改善河流航運 Improve river navigation • 有關 程同時改善該地區的交通、電力供供應和經濟，特別可以發展旅遊業及水�養殖。 improve the region's transportation, power for the supply and the economy, in particular the development of tourism and aquaculture.

�生與需克服的問題 (problem) 鳥擊/雷擊/鹽害/噪音/供電-長距離輸電線-供電不穩/維修 Bird strike / lightning / salt damage / noise / power supply - long-distance transmission lines - unstable power supply / maintenance 風力發電對地球環境的貢獻 : 每百萬瓦的風力發電每年可以減少傳統石化發電的二氧化碳排放量達 5000噸 Amounted to 5, 000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions per megawatt wind power per year can reduce the power of traditional petrochemical

核電發電效率33% 比不上火力發電 Nuclear power generation efficiency of 33% smaller than thermal power 核電發電效率約33%，就是核燃料放出的能量，大約只有1/3轉為電能，而火電發電效率可到接近 40%。 Nuclear power generating efficiency of about 33%, nuclear fuel energy released, only about 1/3 to electrical energy, thermal power generation efficiency to nearly 40%. � 火電和核電都是把水加熱成蒸汽來推動汽輪發電機，理論上蒸汽溫度愈高，在轉換成動能（推動 汽輪）的過程中，能量損耗愈少 Thermal power and nuclear power generation are the heated water into steam to drive a turbine generator, in theory, the higher the steam temperature, the less energy loss in the process converted into kinetic energy � � 和火電相比，核電蒸汽溫度較低（不到 300℃），因為愈高溫的蒸汽，造成的壓力也愈大；核電機 組有安全考量，若要提升結構強度，以適應更高溫蒸汽，所增加的經費很多，不見得划算。 compared to thermal power, nuclear power steam temperature (less than 300 ° C), because the more high-temperature steam, the greater the pressure caused by security considerations; nuclear power generating units, to enhance the structural strength to accommodate more high-temperature steam, thea lot of increased funding, not necessarily cost-effective

新興能源 Emerging energy

2007年德州幾家小型探勘公司研發目前美國最常見的水力壓裂法（簡稱fracking） ，即利用高壓將液體注入井內以壓裂頁岩層，使油或氣透過裂縫流向井筒與地 表，開�了北美的「頁岩油氣革命」。 但這種生�方式�生的廢氣、廢水、廢料將造成環境衝擊，因此備受爭議。包 括鑽井與壓裂時需要數百萬噸可觀水量，將與其他用水需求�生衝突。 waste gas, waste water, waste will cause environmental impact, Need millions of tons of water, including drilling and fracturing will conflict with other water needs. 另，進行水力壓裂的液體含水、沙、其他固體，並添加化學藥劑，恐�生洩漏 而�染地下水與土地，破壞生態系統，甚至引發爆炸、頻繁地震。歐盟主張加 強監管，法國、捷克等國更禁止開發。 and this method Add chemicals, fear of leakage to groundwater and land pollution, destruction of ecosystems, and even lead to an explosion, frequent earthquakes. EU advocates strengthening supervision, France, the Czech Republic and other countries prohibit development.

油頁岩可謂「全身是寶」。 人參、貂皮、烏拉草? 歸納起來，油頁岩有三種主要用途： Oil shale refining process can get many byproducts To sum up, the oil shale has three main purposes:

核融合 nuclear fusion

太陽本身就是一個巨大的核 The sun is a huge nuclear 美國科學家用強力Ｘ光把氫 原子壓縮成接近太陽中心的 狀況，等於「引爆一顆超小 氫彈」，完成了熱能核融合。 U. S. scientists using powerful X light hydrogen atoms compressed into a situation close to the center of the sun is equal to "detonated an ultrasmall hydrogen bomb, complete thermonuclearfusion 44

核融合反應爐 Fusion reactor 50