Beta Decay and Decay Heat Problem of Identifying
Beta Decay and Decay Heat: Problem of Identifying Problem Fission Products A L Nichols Nuclear Data Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, Austria 12 -14 December 2005
Decay Heat: Points of Note • Fission products fission yields decay data cross sections • Actinides – maximum of ~ 20 -30% of total decay heat leading up to ~ 108 s • Activation products – extremely minor contribution to thermal systems
1990 s: Inadequate and Discrepant Decay Data in Decay Heat Calculations • Frédéric Joliot – Otto Hahn Summer School, Cadarache, France, 2000 • also presented at Workshop on “Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors: Physics, Design and Safety”, The Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy, 25 February – 28 March 2002; ICTP Lecture Notes 20, Editors – M. Herman, N. Paver, 2005
1990 s: Inadequate and Discrepant Decay Data in Decay Heat Calculations • Consultation and debate within Europe - 27 FPs – various applications, but also for decay heat calculations • Theoretical data for 35 neutron-rich nuclides – short cooling times
FISPIN 10 Decay Heat Calculations Robert Mills: Nexia Solutions, Sellafield, UK • JEFF-3. 1 decay data files, and JEFF-3. 1 fission yield files • FISPIN 10 – used to calculate FP number densities following a single • • fission decaying FPs from 0. 1 to 10+9 secs after fuel irradiation ordered in terms of those that contribute the most uncertainty to the overall uncertainty of the calculated decay heat BUT these data still require further detailed assessment
FISPIN 10 Decay Heat Calculations • 235 U th • 239 Pu • 238 U th f • 232 Th f FPs 0. 5% of the resulting decay heat as a function of cooling time after irradiation
235 U : Dominant Uncertainties in JEFF-3. 1 th • Short cooling times – uncertainties in FYs • Half-lives: 98 Ym ( 10%), 100 Nb ( 13%), 102 Nb ( 15%) • Energy release: ( 17%), 89 Sr ( 40%), 97 Sr (no uncertainty), 101 Nb ( 15%), 102 Nb (no uncertainty), 143 La ( 53%) 87 Br
239 Pu th : 1. 0 s Nuclide 41 -NB-103 41 -NB-104 M 39 -Y-98 M 41 -NB-102 39 -Y-99 38 -SR-97 43 -TC-109 55 -CS-143 54 -XE-141 39 -Y-98 55 -CS-142 40 -ZR-101 42 -MO-107 40 -ZR-103 39 -Y-100 38 -SR-96 39 -Y-100 M 41 -NB-105 Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 2. 3526 E+04 1. 2554 E+04 1. 4565 E+04 1. 6423 E+04 2. 0826 E+04 1. 1495 E+04 8. 4527 E+03 9. 7006 E+03 8. 3732 E+03 1. 1206 E+04 2. 2756 E+04 1. 9095 E+04 6. 4492 E+03 5. 9344 E+03 4. 6434 E+03 1. 8752 E+04 4. 3689 E+03 5. 0734 E+03 2. 3526 E+04 1. 2554 E+04 1. 7209 E+04 1. 6423 E+04 6. 4749 E+03 1. 1495 E+04 8. 4527 E+03 9. 7006 E+03 8. 3732 E+03 1. 0535 E+04 5. 3016 E+03 4. 8905 E+03 6. 4492 E+03 5. 9344 E+03 4. 6434 E+03 8. 7943 E+03 4. 3689 E+03 5. 0734 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 4. 4028 E-01 8. 2312 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 5. 1960 E+01 5. 3695 E-01 8. 5152 E-01 4. 0121 E+01 2. 9217 E-01 4. 1903 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 8. 3444 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 1. 4243 E+01 6% 3% 4% 4% 3. 2% 2. 7% 2%
239 Pu th Nuclide 37 -RB-94 40 -ZR-102 37 -RB-95 39 -Y-97 M 53 -I-138 41 -NB-104 38 -SR-98 43 -TC-108 53 -I-139 52 -TE-137 54 -XE-142 57 -LA-148 56 -BA-145 41 -NB-106 42 -MO-108 56 -BA-146 51 -SB-134 55 -CS-144 : 1. 0 s Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 6. 6126 E+03 9. 8858 E+03 4. 3081 E+03 1. 8186 E+04 5. 6520 E+03 4. 5696 E+03 4. 6675 E+03 8. 0213 E+03 4. 6636 E+03 2. 7786 E+03 2. 7648 E+03 4. 0528 E+03 4. 9528 E+03 2. 5104 E+03 2. 5479 E+03 2. 9970 E+03 4. 7464 E+03 3. 2015 E+03 5. 8577 E+03 1. 1729 E+03 4. 0236 E+03 1. 8221 E+04 2. 7526 E+03 4. 5696 E+03 1. 1405 E+03 8. 0213 E+03 1. 2379 E+03 2. 7786 E+03 2. 7648 E+03 2. 2550 E+03 4. 9528 E+03 2. 5104 E+03 2. 5479 E+03 2. 9970 E+03 8. 1988 E+01 3. 2015 E+03 2. 1434 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 1. 1949 E+01 2. 6623 E+00 1. 0986 E+01 1. 4174 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 2. 0467 E+01 1. 4208 E+01 1. 3767 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 2. 0842 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 2. 4051 E+01 1. 5% 1. 0% 0. 7%
239 Pu th Nuclide : 1. 0 s Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 36 -KR-92 3. 9726 E+03 2. 7613 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 41 -NB-102 M 4. 5521 E+03 4. 1878 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 40 -ZR-99 1. 4095 E+04 7. 7061 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 39 -Y-97 5. 1214 E+03 4. 3350 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 41 -NB-100 M 2. 3203 E+03 2. 3397 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 41 -NB-100 4. 8561 E+03 1. 3795 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 0. 74% 37 -RB-93 3. 9740 E+03 4. 8836 E+03 7. 7866 E+00 1. 0% 40 -ZR-100 5. 3875 E+03 9. 9503 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 41 -NB-101 4. 8424 E+03 6. 3558 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 0. 65% 54 -XE-140 2. 4783 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 57 -LA-147 4. 4842 E+03 4. 0022 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 42 -MO-106 3. 5687 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 52 -TE-135 3. 6719 E+03 5. 7800 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 37 -RB-92 5. 3473 E+03 3. 2544 E+03 0. 0000 E+00 39 -Y-96 6. 8169 E+03 1. 7036 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 --------------------------------------------------Totals 4. 8955 E+05 3. 5208 E+05 7. 5696 E+02 80. 50% of all nuclides
239 Pu th Nuclide 53 -I-137 53 -I-136 41 -NB-98 52 -TE-135 53 -I-136 M 52 -TE-136 51 -SB-133 44 -RU-109 43 -TC-107 42 -MO-105 43 -TC-106 54 -XE-139 42 -MO-103 45 -RH-110 57 -LA-145 55 -CS-140 50 -SN-131 M 54 -XE-140 : 1 min Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 4. 3704 E+02 3. 5992 E+02 6. 2536 E+02 4. 4471 E+02 3. 6907 E+02 1. 1528 E+02 7. 6329 E+01 1. 7440 E+02 5. 0802 E+02 6. 8414 E+02 8. 3182 E+02 5. 1348 E+02 4. 8207 E+02 1. 9344 E+02 2. 7171 E+02 6. 8755 E+02 8. 2947 E+01 1. 2500 E+02 2. 8630 E+02 4. 2571 E+02 1. 0327 E+02 7. 0002 E+01 3. 6907 E+02 1. 7469 E+02 2. 5365 E+02 2. 7795 E+02 1. 2722 E+02 1. 9630 E+02 9. 3787 E+02 5. 1348 E+02 2. 3300 E+02 4. 1786 E+02 1. 1307 E+02 5. 8667 E+02 8. 2947 E+01 1. 2500 E+02 9. 2438 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 3. 2%
239 Pu th Nuclide 55 -CS-141 51 -SB-132 45 -RH-109 42 -MO-104 35 -BR-87 50 -SN-130 M 45 -RH-108 38 -SR-95 40 -ZR-98 57 -LA-144 43 -TC-103 37 -RB-91 35 -BR-88 41 -NB-99 M 44 -RU-107 43 -TC-105 58 -CE-147 38 -SR-94 : 1 min Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 4. 5042 E+02 8. 2562 E+01 1. 1212 E+02 2. 7567 E+02 6. 4339 E+01 5. 9192 E+01 1. 6500 E+02 3. 5834 E+02 2. 6260 E+02 4. 3620 E+02 2. 5045 E+02 1. 8479 E+02 5. 2561 E+01 9. 8816 E+01 1. 4108 E+02 8. 9851 E+01 1. 7679 E+02 1. 3388 E+02 1. 7913 E+02 1. 6424 E+02 1. 1212 E+02 2. 7567 E+02 1. 2606 E+02 5. 9192 E+01 2. 8228 E+01 1. 8146 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 7. 3519 E+02 6. 3430 E+01 2. 6018 E+02 6. 8342 E+01 4. 5403 E+01 4. 4947 E+01 4. 5860 E+01 2. 4018 E+01 2. 2935 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 1. 5438 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 1. 7717 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 0. 8% 0. 5%
239 Pu th Nuclide : 1 min Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 36 -KR-90 1. 0965 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 35 -BR-86 8. 0745 E+01 1. 3261 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 43 -TC-102 1. 1771 E+02 4. 8878 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 56 -BA-143 1. 6958 E+02 0. 0000 E+00 54 -XE-137 2. 4327 E+02 2. 7335 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 37 -RB-90 6. 2628 E+01 6. 0565 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 41 -NB-99 1. 9311 E+02 2. 2240 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 58 -CE-145 6. 4721 E+01 5. 1009 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 56 -BA-144 6. 0895 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 38 -SR-93 3. 3045 E+01 9. 2254 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 58 -CE-148 7. 6018 E+01 0. 0000 E+00 ---------------------------------------------------Totals 1. 3073 E+04 1. 0055 E+04 9. 6049 E+00 87. 92% of all nuclides
239 Pu th Nuclide 53 -I-134 51 -SB-130 57 -LA-143 55 -CS-138 43 -TC-104 52 -TE-133 M 51 -SB-131 43 -TC-101 45 -RH-107 59 -PR-146 39 -Y-94 54 -XE-138 52 -TE-133 42 -MO-101 43 -TC-102 57 -LA-142 52 -TE-131 53 -I -135 : 1. 1 h Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 4. 2397 E+00 8. 3440 E-01 1. 7144 E+00 1. 0023 E+01 5. 7022 E+00 1. 3600 E+00 9. 4822 E-01 1. 1401 E+00 2. 9988 E+00 1. 8601 E+00 4. 3807 E+00 3. 2132 E+00 1. 2126 E+00 1. 0299 E+00 1. 0980 E+00 2. 0989 E+00 3. 4813 E+00 2. 6906 E+00 6. 5360 E-01 1. 7166 E+01 3. 6537 E+00 3. 4970 E-01 1. 8952 E+01 6. 7564 E+00 5. 3068 E+00 4. 5968 E+00 3. 4346 E+00 2. 1049 E+00 1. 3425 E+00 3. 2848 E+00 1. 3535 E+00 2. 1231 E+00 1. 7949 E+00 2. 8780 E+00 8. 7154 E-02 9. 3213 E+00 1. 6273 E+00 2. 8157 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 12% 2. 5% 1. 1%
239 Pu th Nuclide : 1. 1 h Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 44 -RU-105 1. 0274 E+00 1. 8353 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 56 -BA-139 4. 7599 E+00 2. 4188 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 55 -CS-139 8. 8106 E-01 1. 8512 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 56 -BA-141 2. 3808 E+00 2. 1948 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 36 -KR-87 8. 7826 E-01 5. 2021 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 35 -BR-84 4. 3105 E-01 6. 1073 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 37 -RB-89 5. 2460 E-01 1. 2613 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 36 -KR-88 1. 9344 E-01 1. 0156 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 38 -SR-92 2. 2029 E-01 1. 6910 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 37 -RB-88 1. 0891 E+00 3. 5324 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 59 -PR-147 5. 9894 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 57 -LA-141 1. 8625 E+00 5. 1822 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 39 -Y-95 7. 2937 E-01 5. 5444 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 60 -ND-149 5. 3283 E-01 3. 9270 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 56 -BA-142 2. 6207 E-01 6. 8613 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 59 -PR-145 5. 3970 E-01 0. 0000 E+00 -------------------------------------------------Totals 7. 3672 E+01 1. 0695 E+02 1. 4742 E-21 93. 72% of all nuclides
239 Pu th Nuclide 53 -I-135 54 -XE-135 53 -I-133 51 -SB-128 46 -PD-109 53 -I-132 41 -NB-97 M 39 -Y-93 41 -NB-97 52 -TE-131 M 58 -CE-143 44 -RU-105 40 -ZR-97 45 -RH-105 38 -SR-91 39 -Y-92 : 1. 04 d Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 5. 2571 E-02 1. 2904 E-01 1. 1171 E-01 1. 3006 E-02 4. 2663 E-02 4. 6180 E-02 2. 6280 E-03 1. 2054 E-01 9. 6867 E-02 2. 5946 E-03 6. 5217 E-02 2. 4738 E-02 1. 3479 E-01 3. 7660 E-02 3. 9836 E-02 4. 4377 E-02 2. 2648 E-01 1. 0169 E-01 1. 6708 E-01 8. 1520 E-02 7. 6214 E-05 2. 0961 E-01 1. 3283 E-01 9. 7878 E-03 1. 3737 E-01 1. 9557 E-02 4. 2423 E-02 4. 4188 E-02 3. 0536 E-02 1. 8961 E-02 4. 3505 E-02 7. 7700 E-03 0. 0000 E+00 0. 0000 E+00 10% 8%
239 Pu th Nuclide : 1. 04 d Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 47 -AG-112 1. 1879 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 61 -PM-151 9. 6357 E-03 1. 0384 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 39 -Y-91 M 1. 0409 E-03 2. 0919 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 42 -MO-99 4. 9636 E-02 1. 8711 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 52 -TE-132 9. 1510 E-03 2. 1116 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 56 -BA-140 1. 0619 E-02 6. 1590 E-03 0. 0000 E+00 59 -PR-145 3. 3915 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 57 -LA-141 3. 0254 E-02 8. 4176 E-04 0. 0000 E+00 57 -LA-140 6. 5668 E-03 2. 8380 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 61 -PM-149 1. 4410 E-02 4. 6664 E-04 0. 0000 E+00 53 -I-131 5. 0711 E-03 1. 0055 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 43 -TC-99 M 1. 7541 E-03 1. 4329 E-02 0. 0000 E+00 ---------------------------------------------Totals 1. 2214 E+00 1. 5141 E+00 3. 3189 E-19 95. 01% of all nuclides
239 Pu th Nuclide : 347 d Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 45 -RH-106 9. 4740 E-04 1. 3713 E-04 0. 0000 E+00 50% 59 -PR-144 5. 9896 E-04 1. 6843 E-05 0. 0000 E+00 28% 41 -NB-95 1. 0723 E-05 1. 8411 E-04 0. 0000 E+00 9% 40 -ZR-95 1. 3718 E-05 8. 3745 E-05 0. 0000 E+00 4. 5% 58 -CE-144 4. 5510 E-05 9. 5041 E-06 0. 0000 E+00 56 -BA-137 M 2. 5771 E-06 2. 5393 E-05 0. 0000 E+00 39 -Y-91 2. 5415 E-05 1. 3141 E-07 0. 0000 E+00 44 -RU-103 1. 9349 E-06 1. 4423 E-05 0. 0000 E+00 ----------------------------------------------Totals 1. 7021 E-03 4. 7975 E-04 2. 2986 E-15 97. 05% of all nuclides
239 Pu th Nuclide : 31. 7 y Energy release rate e. V per second per fission Ebeta Egamma Ealpha 56 -BA-137 M 1. 2680 E-06 1. 2494 E-05 0. 0000 E+00 57% 39 -Y-90 5. 0161 E-06 6. 6424 E-12 0. 0000 E+00 21% 55 -CS-137 4. 1552 E-06 3. 6367 E-11 0. 0000 E+00 17% 38 -SR-90 9. 3448 E-07 0. 0000 E+00 4% -----------------------------------------------Totals 1. 1476 E-05 1. 2503 E-05 1. 0782 E-14 99. 53% of all nuclides
Decay Heat and Problem Fission Products, December 2005, RWM + ALN 87 Br 89 Sr, 97 Sr 100 Nb, 101 Nb, 102 Nb 98 Ym 143 La 88 Br 93 Rb, 94 Rb, 95 Rb 99 Y 137 I, 138 I, 139 I
Thanks: Decay Heat Across the years: Alan Tobias (CEGB), at the beginning …… Francois Storrer (CEA), in the middle ages Robert Mills (BNFL), over the recent past
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