Bersahabat dengan Sang Penghancur Topan Setiadipura tsdipurabatan go
Bersahabat dengan Sang Penghancur Topan Setiadipura tsdipura@batan. go. id Tim Desain dan Kajian Keselamatan RDE BATAN
Tentang ‘Sang Penghancur’ www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 2
Mass a dan Energi http: //earthsky. org/human-world/this-date-in-science-emc 2 www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 27 Sept 1905 Work at Patent Office 3
Neutron: ‘penembus’ inti atom. 1932 www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 4
Mencari Elemen Berat Otto Hahn Lise Meitner www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 5
Reaksi Fisi Hahn & Strassman: Experimental Chemistry Meitner & Frisch: Physics Explanation. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 6
Reaksi Fisi Berantai - Akumulasi neutron - Akumulasi energi www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 7
Chicago Pile-1 #1 controlled fission chain reaction. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 8
Chicago Pile-1 • 385. 5 ton grafit • 46. 5 ton uranium metal dan oxides. #1 controlled fission chain reaction. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 9
Bom Atom: Little Boy www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 10
Bom Atom: Fat Man www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 11
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Komponen/Prinsip Dasar Reaktor Nuklir: Bahan bakar, pendingin, moderator, batang kendali. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 12
Orde Pembangkitan Daya ~ 4 - 20 e. V ~ 200 000 e. V www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 13
Status PLTN (per 9 Okt. 2017) Sumber: www. iaea. org/pris/ www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 14
Radiation www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 15
Reaktor Nuklir: Pabrik ISOTOP …akan lahir isotop baru. www. batan. go. id ratusan Univ. Mercu Buana, 16
`Panas` dari Reaktor Nuklir www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 17
Resume #1: Nuklir dan Reaksi Fisi menyimpan potensi energi yang sangat besar. Potensi ini telah dimanfaatkan oleh berbagai negara. Untuk membangun negeri ini, kita perlu energi yang besar. Energi dari nuklir, sebaiknya menjadi salah satu sumber energi negeri ini. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 18
INDONESIA dan Pemanfaatan ‘sang Penghancur’ Upaya Indonesia untuk bersahabat dan ‘memanfaatkan’ Sang Penghancur bagi Kemandirian Energi Nasional. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 19
Content: Existing Research Reactors Next ‘Reseach Reactor’: RDE’s Objective RDE Design Resume #2 www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 20
Existing Research Reactor www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 21
TRIGA-MARK II Reactor q. Location: Bandung, West Java q. Type: TRIGA reactor q. Thermal power: 2000 k. W q. First critical at 1964 (250 k. W) q. Upgraded to 1000 k. W on 1971 q. Upgraded to 2000 k. W on 2000 www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 22
KARTINI Reactor q. Location: Yogyakarta (Central Java) q. Type: TRIGA reactor q. Thermal power: 250 k. W q. Some components/structures were provided from first upgrading of Bandung reactor (1971) q. First critical at 1979 www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 23
RSG-GAS Reactor q. Location: Serpong, Banten (West Java) q. Type: Multi Purpose Reactor q. Thermal power: 30 MW q. Fuel: U 3 Si 2 Al BATAN able to produce fuel for RSG-GAS. www. batan. go. id q. First criticality at 1987 Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 24
Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (demo plant of Indonesia Co-generation power plant) www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 25
RDE’s Objectives • Provides a strong foundation for the development of smallmedium size nuclear power plants in order to meet the electricity supply throughout the nation. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 26
RDE’s Objectives • Provides a strong foundation for the development of smallmedium size nuclear power plants in order to meet the electricity supply throughout the nation. • Contributes to the optimization of national natural resource processing using cogeneration capability. • Accumulating nuclear human resource capability in the mastery of design engineering, reactor technology, project management, maintenance and operation of nuclear power plants. • Increase (public) acceptance of nuclear power plants. • Realizing Indonesia as a nuclear energy center of excellence in Asia Pacific. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 27
RDE Building Arrangement Reactor auxiliary building Reactor building Helium storage Reactor building annex Turbine building Transformer Spent fuel element storage Gate house Office and staff building www. batan. go. id Central control (Switchgear) building Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 28
Cross Section of Reactor Building underground www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 29
RDE General System Co-axial Hot Gas Duct Reactor Pressure Vessel Main Helium Blower Main Steam, Experimental Industrial Steam Application Electricity Production ~520 o. C Turbine Steam Generator Pressure Vessel Generator LP HP Main Feed Water, ~145 o. C Condenser www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 Cooling Tower 30
Internal RPV Sistem Penggerak Batang Kendali Kolom Helium Pendingin Komponen/ Penyangga logam www. batan. go. id Teras Reaktor Reflektor grafit, melingkupi teras reaktor Kolom Masuk Bahan Bakar Internal RPV terdiri dari: - Teras reaktor dan bahan bakar - Reflektor Grafit - Kolom batang kendali - Kolom Helium pendingin - Kolom bahan bakar masuk dan keluar - Komponen/penyangga logam Plennum Helium atas dan bawah Kolom Keluar Bahan Bakar Penampang Lintang RPV Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 31
Some Technical/Safety Features Requirements (1): Passive Safety Features: 1. 2. Slim reactor core diameter (~1. 8 m): thinner heat transfer path. Significant graphite composition with physical characteristic: a) High heat conductivity: good heat transfer capability b) High heat capacity: slower temperature increase for the same given energy. RDE design able to transfer decay heat only by natural mechanism without any active systems. Fukushima accident scenario will not occurred in RDE www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 32
Fitur Keselamatan: Control, Cooling www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 33
Siklus Helium Primer A : Helium (250 o. C) mengalir pada bagian luar Co-axial hot gas duct, diarahkan ke bagian bawah Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). B A C Main Steam, ~520 o. C F B : Dari bagian bawah RPV, helium mengalir ke atas melalui kolom pendingin pada bagian reflektor grafit, hingga ke plenum atas. C : Helium mengalir dari atas hingga ke dasar teras reaktor, temperatur meningkat karena mengambil panas yang berasal dari reaksi fisi berantai yang terjadi pada bahan bakar. D : Helium (temperatur 700 o. C) bergabung D di plenum bawah, lalu mengalir keluar RPV o Main Feed Water, ~145 C melalui saluran tengah co-axial hot gas E duct menuju Steam Generator (SG). F : Air umpan menerima panas dari helium E : Helium (700 o. C ) mentransfer panas ke air/uap hingga menjadi uap superheated, lalu mengalir umpan, lalu kembali mengalir ke RPV didorong ke turbin atau sistem kogenerasi. . oleh Kompresor Helium Utama. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 34
Bahan bakar RDE Zona Bahan Bakar (Matriks Grafit) Lapisan luar grafit (Graphite Shell) Zona Bahan bakar RDE terdiri dari: - ~ 8335 partikel TRISO - Total 5 g logam berat. www. batan. go. id 3 cm 2. 5 cm Bahan bakar bola [OD = 6 cm] Bahan bakar bola terdiri dari dua lapisan: 1. Lapisan grafit luar. 2. Zona bahan bakar dalam. Teras Reaktor RDE terisi 27 ribu bahan bakar bola Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 35
Fitur Keselamatan: Contain TRISO Particle (Tri-isotropic) : TRISO fuel design guarantee the ‘contain’ safety aspect of RDE www. batan. go. id UO 2 Kernel: uranium oxide fuel material, for RDE 17% U-235 enrichment. Buffer : low density carbon layer (~1. 05 g/cm 3). Inner dan Outer Pyrolitic Carbon : pyrolitic carbon layer to mechanically strengthen the TRISO particle (density ~1. 75 g/cm 3). Silicon Carbide (Si. C): high density sillicon carbide layer (~3. 18 g/cm 3). Main constrain which avoid the fission product release to the environment even in the most severe accident. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 36
Design and Project Phase (1) Pre-Phase Project Conceptual Design 2015 by RENUKO Consortium as Consultant NU: NUKEM (owned by ROSATOM) (2015) www. batan. go. id Basic Design EPC - Phase BATAN (2017) • Govt. Commitment in EPC- An internal team was established Vendor Phase financing. Vendor to develop a BED of RDE. (2018) (2019 -2022) - Comprise of 31 technical staffs. [Process, Mechanical & piping, I&C, Electric, Civil] - Experiences and results to be presented by BATAN Chairman on GC’s Side Event. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 37
Design and Project Phase (1) Pre-Phase Project Conceptual Design 2015 by RENUKO Consortium as Consultant NU: NUKEM (owned by ROSATOM) (2015) www. batan. go. id Basic Design Detail Design BATAN (2017) - An internal team was established Vendor to develop a BED of RDE. (2018) - Comprise of 31 technical staffs. [Process, Mechanical & piping, I&C, Electric, Civil] - Experiences and results to be presented by BATAN Chairman on GC’s Side Event. Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 Construction 38
Pengembangan Desain RDE 31 Staf BATAN dari berbagai pusat mencakup bidang Nuklir, Proses, Mekanik, Piping, I&C, Elektrik, dan Sipil. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 39
Pengembangan Desain RDE www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 40
Pengembangan Desain RDE www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 41
Sinergi Nasional www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 42
Resume #2: Program RDE adalah jalan menuju aplikasi nuklir sebagai sumber energi Indonesia. (= memanfaatkan/bersahabat dengan sang Penghancur) Program RDE juga membuka jalan bagi Indonesia untuk berperan sebagai ‘technology provider’. Perlu sinergi nasional bagi tercapainya Program RDE dan lanjutannya. www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 43
Thank You RDE’s Design and Safety Analysis Team BATAN - AREA, INDONESIA Gd. 80 PUSPIPTEK Tangerang Selatan, BANTEN 15310 (021) 756 0912 | Fax. (021) 756 0913 tsdipura@batan. g o. id www. batan. go. id Univ. Mercu Buana, 9 Okt. 2017 44
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