BENTWORTH MIDDLE BENTLEYVILLE SCHOOL PENNSYLVANIA KYLE COURTNEY MECHANICAL
BENTWORTH MIDDLE BENTLEYVILLE, SCHOOL PENNSYLVANIA KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN
INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE
INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS Front Entrance View AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE Building Name: Location: Building Owner: Architect and MEP Engineer: Occupancy Type: Size: Stories Above Grade: Start Construction Date: End Construction Date: Cost: Project Delivery Method: Bentworth Middle School Bentleyville, PA Bentworth School District Hayes Large Architects Educational 83, 800 Square Feet 3 Stories May 2007 January 2009 $18 Million Design-Bid-Build Rear View
Mechanical System Overview INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION Ø 96 bore (350’ deep each) geothermal loop field Ø 2 DOAS rooftop heat pump units Ø Terminal heat pump units located in the academic and administrative areas Ø 3 single zone rooftop heat pump units Ø Design heating thermostat setpoint is 70°F Ø Design cooling thermostat setpoint is 75°F Ø Hydronic side is driven by 2 VSD pumps in parallel Ø Entering water temperature from loop field for heating is 42°F Ø Entering water temperature from loop field for cooling is 75°F RTHP-A 1 RTHP-B 2 RTHP-B 4 RTHP-B 3 RTHP-A 1 RTHP-B 1 RTHP-A 1 KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE
INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE Goals of Redesigned Air System Ø Eliminate mechanical mezzanine Ø Reduce ductwork Ø Reduce fan energy Ø Provide additional usable space Ø Ensure proper ventilation but reduce the amount of conditioned outdoor air Ø Achieve energy savings through the use of a higher efficiency flat plate heat exchanger Ø Improved air quality Ø Maintain ease of maintenance access Ø Maintain remote location of heat pumps for acoustical purposes Design Considerations Ø Location Ø Tower construction Ø Component selections Ø Outdoor air intake control Ø Energy recovery core selection and usage Ø A slightly modified version of this system could also be used in the Administration area Tower Locations Mechanical Plan of as Designed Typical Classrooms Mechanical Plan of Redesigned Typical Classrooms
INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW Cost Analysis Energy Analysis Ø Carrier HAP was used as the modeling tool Ø All heat pumps in the building were considered Ø Schedule Unit Material MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS System Cooling Heating Air System Fans Pumps Total Consumption (k. Wh) Designed 59, 538 27, 048 71, 872 17, 992 183, 585 Redesigned 64, 339 1, 282 40, 900 15, 648 122, 171 AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM Ductwork Split Face Masonry Wall CO 2 Sensor Insulation Roofing Energy Wall Piping Exhaust Fans RTHP-A 1 RTHP-B 1 SF/LF/Unit 180 2785 39 2785 740 5019 960 30 1 1 Total Price/Unit $ 4. 41 7. 87 800 0. 63 9. 70 1. 44 30. 65 1465 44, 475 18, 250 Total Cost Total Price $ 794 21, 918 31, 200 1, 755 7, 178 7, 227 29, 424 43, 950 -44, 475 -18, 250 80, 721 ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE Result Analysis Ø 33% reduction in the building’s mechanical energy consumption Ø Unanticipated increase in cooling load Ø Unusually low heating load Cost Analysis Results Ø System costs total to $80, 721 Ø Annual electric savings of $6, 755 Ø Simple payback period of 12 years
INTRODUCTION Goals of Natural Ventilation System Ø Reduce mechanical system loads Ø Improved air quality Ø Maintain thermal barrier System Analysis Ø Analyzed through the use of Carrier HAP and Excel Ø Appropriate outdoor conditions for natural ventilation BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS Design Considerations Ø ASHRAE Standard 62. 1 requirements Ø System operation Ø Window selection and placement NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE Cost Analysis Ø Excel analysis resulted in a $1200 annual electric savings Ø “Green light” system cost approximately $8000 Ø Window upgrade cost approximately $10, 000 Ø Simple payback period of 15 years
INTRODUCTION Goals of Geothermal Hybrid System Ø Reduce environmental impact Ø Reduce initial costs Ø Reduce operation costs BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS Disadvantages of System Ø Increased maintenance costs due to additional equipment Ø Increased mechanical space AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE System Analysis Ø Ground loop design software is ideal but unavailable Ø Spreadsheet used by designers at Mc. Clure Company was utilized Ø Spreadsheet inputs were available from previously designed loop field, schedule, and Carrier HAP model
INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH Analysis Results Ø 89 bores needed for cooling Ø 60 bored needed for heating Ø 27 ton cooling tower needed to cover the difference Cost Analysis Ø Based on an average price of $6350 per well, $184, 450 can be saved on initial upfront cost Ø Cooling tower cost is equal to $90, 000 Ø Assumed pumping savings due to 10’ less head Ø Cooling tower only used 8% of the total system operation time FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION Schematic of Hydronic System with Supplemental Cooling Tower KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE
INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE Goals of Decentralized Pump System Ø Reduce overall required pumping energy Ø Minimize the introduction of noise into areas adjacent to pump locations Disadvantages of System Ø Increase in maintenance costs Ø No redundancy Ø Additional mechanical space required Central Pumping System Analysis Ø Hourly profiles exported from Carrier HAP to Excel Ø Based upon a 3 gpm/ton load Ø Affinity laws and pump curves Analysis Results Ø Unexpected that the decentralized pumps used more than twice the amount of energy Ø Possible explanation – high amount of head Ø Second alternative – primary/secondary system also used much more energy Ø Due to the infeasibility of the design no cost analysis was performed Decentralized Pumping System
INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN Goals of Redesigned Façade Ø Provide area for redesigned mechanical system Ø Allow for natural ventilation Ø Incorporate elements previously used in the building Ø Maintain views Ø Balance vertical and horizontal elements Ø Provide structural support As Designed Building Renderings Redesigned Building Renderings Building Elevations As Designed Elevations Disadvantages of Redesigned Façade Ø Additional material and construction costs Ø Concerns about removable panels ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION As Designed Windows KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE Redesigned Windows As Designed Elevations
INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN Goals of Redesigned Façade Ø Provide area for redesigned mechanical system Ø Allow for natural ventilation Ø Incorporate elements previously used in the building Ø Maintain views Ø Balance vertical and horizontal elements Ø Provide structural support As Designed Building Renderings Redesigned Building Renderings Building Elevations As Designed Elevations Disadvantages of Redesigned Façade Ø Additional material and construction costs Ø Concerns about removable panels ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION As Designed Windows KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE Redesigned Windows As Designed Elevations
INTRODUCTION BUILDING OVERVIEW MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW MECHANICAL DEPTHS AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM Goals of Redesigned Roof Ø Reduce the overall height of the academic wing Ø Tie the two wings of the building together Ø Give the roof a lighter appearance Ø Utilize previously used materials Ø Design with appropriate slope to maintain proper water drainage Disadvantages of Redesigned Roof Ø Possibly more expensive As Designed Building Renderings Redesigned Building Renderings Building Elevations As Designed Elevations DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN CONCLUSION As Designed Windows KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE Redesigned Windows As Designed Elevations
Life Cycle Cost Assumptions 30 Life Cycle Cost Analysis INTRODUCTION 6, 2 BUILDING OVERVIEW 20 18 6, 1 MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW 16 6, 0 MECHANICAL DEPTHS GEOTHERMAL HYBRID SYSTEM 5, 9 12 5, 8 10 8 5, 7 DECENTRALIZED PUMPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL BREADTH FAÇADE REDESIGN ROOF REDESIGN 6 5, 6 Cost Payback Period 5, 5 2 5, 4 0 Baseline CONCLUSION Terminal Heat Hybrid Design Pump Redesign System KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN EPLEE 4 Natural Ventilation Design All Designs Years NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Millions AIR SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS 14 Baseline Ø Maintenance - $1900/year Ø Periodic Cost - $30, 000 every 20 years Terminal Unit Redesign Ø Maintenance - $1900/year Ø Periodic Cost - $30, 000 every 20 years Natural Ventilation System Ø Maintenance - $1950/year Ø Periodic Cost - $30, 000 every 20 years Hybrid System Ø Maintenance - $2200/year Ø Periodic Cost - $90, 000 every 17 years Ø Periodic Cost - $30, 000 every 20 years Recommendations Ø All of the proposed systems are viable options with reasonable payback periods
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ø The Pennsylvania State University Architectural Engineering Faculty and Staff Ø Thesis Advisor: Dustin Eplee Ø Professor William Bahnfleth, Ph. D. , PE Ø Project Sponsor: Hayes Large Architects Ø Sponsor Contact: Donald Goodman, PE Ø David Barto and Barton Associates Ø Alyssa Adams and Mc. Clure Company Ø My fellow classmates who have supported me over the last five years, especially the gentlemen and ladies of 612 Ø My friends and family for all their love and encouragement KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN
QUESTIONS ? KYLE COURTNEY | MECHANICAL OPTION | DUSTIN
APPENDICE S
APPENDICE S
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