BellworkMidterm 1 Review packet MC Review Answers to
Bellwork-Midterm 1 Review packet M/C Review
Answers to MC Questions 1. 1 9. 1 2. 4 10. 1 3. 4 11. 1 4. 1 12. 4 5. 2 13. 3 6. 2 14. 4 7. 1 15. 1 8. 4
The First 5 Presidents George Washington 1789 -1797 President Washington set precedents: examples for others to follow. (presidential cabinet, two-term limit, foreign policy of neutrality) During his Farewell Address he warned the nation about the dangers of political parties and to “avoid permanent alliances with foreign countries” Whisky Rebellion- Secretary of treasury imposed an excise tax(tax on goods produced within the country) on whisky. Explanation: whisky was main source of revenue for western Pennsylvania, they refused to pay the tax, beat up the Federal Marshall, militia sent by federal government to put down rebellion. Impact: power of the federal government to enforce laws
John Adams 1797 -1801 (Federalist) XYZ Affair-France began to seize American ships headed to Great Britain. Adams sent a negotiation team to France. The officials from France were called X, Y, and Z. They asked Americans for $250, 000 to talk to their foreign minister. American anti-French feelings arise and congress created a navy to seize French ships, America and France were involved in an “undeclared” naval war. Alien and Sedition Acts- An attempt to limit immigrants who were critics of his administration. Alien Acts- residency requirements rose from 5 to 14 years (time they had to wait to apply for citizenship). It also allowed the president to deport or jail any alien considered “undesirable. ” Sedition (treason) Acts- Fines and jail terms for anyone expressing damaging opinions about the government Judiciary Act of 1801 (modified the Judiciary Act of 1789)- increased the number of federal judges by 16 - he filled the positions with Federalists Midnight Judges-Adams assigned their appointments late on the last day of his administration
Marbury v. Madison- the first time the Supreme Court ruled Thomas something unconstitutional. Chief Justice John Marshall rules the Jefferson 1801 - Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. Establishes the principle of 1809 Judicial Review-ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. (Republican, Anti-Federalist) Louisiana Purchase (land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains), purchased from France (Napoleon) for 15 million dollars. The Louisiana Purchase: (1803) 1. Doubled the size of the U. S. 2. Control of the Mississippi River to transport agricultural goods 3. Port of New Orleans-transport of goods for European and American trade Lewis and Clark Expeditions- map out and explore the Louisiana territory
War of 1812 - Americans declared war in 1812 against Britain for James Madison several reasons: trade restrictions, impressment (kidnapped 1809 -1817 American sailors and forced them into the Royal Navy, Britain supported Indian resistance of American expansion. The war was fought on land at sea with multiple victories and loses for America. In 1814 the British burned down the Capitol and the White House in Washington D. C. Treaty of Ghent- The British and the Americans realized it was a war neither wanted. The two nations met in Belgium and signed the treaty ending the war. Battle of New Orleans- communication was slow! The battle of New Orleans was fought two weeks after the treaty was signed. The battle lasted a little over an hour. The British suffered more than 2, 000 casualties and the Americans just over 20. The American victory unified the country, restored patriotism, and made General Andrew Jackson a national hero.
Mc. Culloch v. Maryland The issue: Does the government have the power to create a national bank? Do states have the right to tax institutions created by the federal James Monroe 1817 -1825 government? Outcome: It reinforced the doctrine of implied powers (powers of Congress) and the power of the national government over state governments Monroe Doctrine: President James Monroe established the Monroe Doctrine to prevent European powers from further colonization in the Americas (Western Hemisphere). If European countries tried to colonize or interfere in the Americas (North or South) it would be directly viewed by the U. S. as acts of intended aggression which would require U. S. intervention. 1. The U. S. would stay out of 1. The U. S. recognized European 4 main points of the Monroe Doctrine European internal affairs and colonies already established and would not take sides in war would not interfere with them among them 1. The U. S. would not permit 1. Any attempt by a European power to (allow) any further colonization take control of any nation in the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as a hostile action toward the U. S.
Constitutional Amendments 1 st- Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly… 13 th- Freedom- Abolished Slavery 14 th- Equality- Provided citizenship to freed slaves 15 th- Vote- The right to vote cannot be denied because of race/color 16 th- Income tax- became the main source of federal income 17 th- Senators- provided for the direct election of U. S. senators 18 th-Alcohol- Prohibition-made the sale and/or consumption of alcohol illegal 19 th-Women- Provided women suffrage
Manifest Destiny: The belief that the United States should expand from sea to shining sea (Atlantic to the Pacific) Imperialism- Stronger countries taking over weaker countries Louisiana Purchase- Purchased by Thomas Jeffersondoubled the size of the U. S. Texas Annexation – Texas won independence from Mexico during the Texas Revolution in 1836 and named Sam Houston president of the new Republic of Texas. The Mexican government refused to acknowledge Texas’s independence. In 1838 Houston invited the U. S. to annex (incorporate as a territory) Texas. In 1845 under President Polk, Texas was entered into the Union as a slave state. This angered the Mexican government and quickly led to war with Mexico.
Mexican Cession-1848 - After the Mexican-American War, Mexico ceded (gave) the United States the Mexican Cession which included California, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico California Gold Rush- Movement of people to a place in which gold was discovered. The settlers were known as the 49 ers The effects of The Manifest Destiny on Native Americans Indian Removal Act- President Andrew Jackson ordered 100, 000 Native Americans west of the Mississippi River…why? Fertile land gold for the white settlers Trail of Tears- forced removal of Native Americans to Indian Reservations Voter Participation because there was an end of property requirements for voting
Slavery in the U. S. /Abolition/Women People • William Lloyd • Garrison • • Harriet Tubman • • • Accomplishments/Significance White newspaper editor Wrote the “Liberator” newspaper from Massachusetts Joined Anti-Slavery societies (clubs) – Held meetings – Gave lectures/speeches – Wrote pamphlets/books Believed slavery was morally wrong African American women that escaped slavery from the south Started the Underground Railroad – A network of houses and people that helped slaves escape to freedom (North) – Very dangerous for escaping slaves – Hundreds of white Americans helped slaves escape north! She helped hundreds of slaves escape to Canada!
Harriet Beecher Stowe Dred Scott Frederick Douglass • White woman, abolitionist • Author of the book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” – Revealed the horrors of slavery • Sold thousands of copies all across America • Enslaved African American male who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom in 1857 • Dred Scott v. Sandford • African American male who escaped slavery from the South • Author and Speaker – Wrote his own autobiography about life as a slave – His book was VERY famous because it showed blacks could be smart – His book also showed the horrors of slavery • Lived in Rochester, New York • Wrote a newspaper called “The North Star” from Rochester, NY
Sojourner Truth • Wanted Black women to be equal to all others • She was a slave, had 13 children (all sold to slavery), and was beaten with a whip • Women suffragists signed The Declaration of Sentiments at Susan B. the Seneca Falls Convention in NY Anthony • The Sentiments demanded equality with men before the law. Voting rights, a voice in society, equal job opportunities/pay, Elizabeth Cady right to divorce, own land etc… • The “Sentiments” were modeled after the Declaration of Stanton Independence • Were all leaders of NAWSA- National American Women’s Carrie Suffrage Association Chapman Catt
15 M/C Review 1) The term federalism is best defined as (1) the process of amending a constitution (2) the power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws (3) a republican form of government with no hereditary ruler (4) the division of power between the states and the national government 2) Which action is an example of the use of checks and balances? (1) impeachment of President Bill Clinton (2) choosing a vice presidential running mate by a presidential candidate (3) election of the Speaker of the House by the majority party (4) starting negotiations for a treaty by President George Washington 3) The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) increased the power of the federal courts by (1) increasing the number of judges (2) enabling the president to overturn lower-court decisions (3) establishing federal supremacy over state governments (4) establishing the principle of judicial review 4) Completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 encouraged the growth of the Midwest because it (1) linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Coast (2) helped force the removal of British forts in the Northwest Territory (3) stimulated development of cotton production in the Ohio River valley (4) increased trade with Asia 5) During the 1840 s, supporters of Manifest Destiny favored (1) closing the frontier to settlement (2) ending the American System (3) acquiring Texas and California (4) ceding the Oregon territory to Russia 10) After the Civil War, which development limited economic opportunities for African Americans in the South? (1) creation of military districts (2) establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau (3) use of the sharecropping system (4) ratification of the 14 th amendment 6) What was one important geographic reason the United States was able to maintain a foreign policy of neutrality throughout most of the 19 th century? (1) The Atlantic Ocean provided a buffer from European interference. (2) Extensive mountain ranges along the Pacific coastline prevented invasions. (3) Scarce natural resources discouraged international trade. (4) European immigrants had rapid communication with their homelands. 7) President Andrew Jackson used the spoils system to (1) stop the westward expansion of slavery (2) strengthen the military for national defense (3) reward loyal political supporters (4) destroy the Bank of the United States 8) Which constitutional principle was the main focus of the North–South conflicts that led to the Civil War? (1) States rights (2) due process of law (3) separation of powers (4) presidential veto power 9) • Publication of The Liberator • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Dred Scott decision The events listed above all contributed to the (1) outbreak of the Civil War (2) formation of the policy of Manifest Destiny (3) passage of the Missouri Compromise 11) Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes were enacted by Southern States to (1) limit the movement of African Americans (2) restrict the voting rights of African Americans (3) improve the social status of African Americans (4) expand educational opportunities for African Americans 12 is same as 9 13) After 1877, racial segregation became widespread in the South primarily as a result of the (1) decline of the Ku Klux Klan (2) activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau (3) stationing of federal troops in the South (4) passage of Jim Crow laws 14) The theory of laissez-faire economics was used during the late 1800 s to (1) justify unregulated business growth (2) call for more consumer protection (3) support Progressive programs (4) achieve equal distribution of income 15) The actions of muckrakers in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century resulted in (1) Supreme Court decisions that expanded the right to vote (2) government regulation of unfair business practices (3) increases in the power of monopolies (4) reduction of the president’s power to manage the economy
Answers to MC questions 1. 4 9. 1 2. 1 10. 3 3. 4 11. 2 4. 1 12. Same as 9 5. 3 13. 4 6. 1 14. 1 7. 3 15. 2 8. 1
- Slides: 15