Bellwork Thurs Feb 9 2017 1 What is

Bellwork: Thurs. Feb 9, 2017 1. What is the relationship between these pictures? (embryos and homologous structures) Word bank: Vestigial Homologous Analogous 2. What is the relationship between these pictures? (bird and Insect wing) 3. What is the relationship between these pictures? mole shrew

1. What is the relationship between these pictures? Slide 2 of 20

2. What is the relationship between these pictures? Slide 3 of 20

http: //news. nationalgeographic. com/2015/09/150911 -blind-cavefish-animals-science-vision-evolution/ mole shrew 3. What is the relationship between these pictures? Slide 4 of 20

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Geologic Time Scale 0 Geologists and paleontologists have built a time line of Earth’s history. The basic divisions of the geologic time scale are eons, eras, and periods. Slide 7 of 20

The Geologic Time Scale is based on fossil evidence in Earth’s rocks & the age of the rocks. It is divided into 4 eras Which are divided into subdivisions called periods. Slide 8 of 20

Geologic time begins with Precambrian Time, which covers about 88% of Earth’s history. Slide 9 of 20

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Geologic time begins with Precambrian Time, which covers about 88% of Earth’s history. 88 % of Earth’s History

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Geologic Time Scale Bellwork: Thurs. Feb. 4, 2016 1. We are in the ______ era today. 2. The longest era was the __________ era 3. The era in which the dinosaurs lived was the _______ era.

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0 = today 88% of Earth’s History. Slide 17 of 20

Fossil evidence suggests that forms of life, possibly photosynthetic bacteria, had evolved by about 3. 5 billion years ago in the Precambrian era.

photosynthetic bacteria: 3. 5 billion years ago Slide 19 of 20

Stromatolites: layered accretionary structures formed in shallow water by the trapping, binding and cementation of sedimentary grains by biofilms of microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=V 1 o 2 nb. NOSS 8 Slide 20 of 20

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The Cambrian period was dominated by marine invertebrates such as marine worms, primitive arthropods, and echinoderms. Slide 22 of 20 Silverfish still live today

Cambrian Explosion (marine worms, primitive arthropods, and echinoderms ) Slide 23 of 20

= Jawless fish Cambrian Explosion (marine worms, primitive arthropods, and echinoderms ) Slide 24 of 20

First invertebrates Jawless fish https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l. Zk. Cngp. Zdkk&lis t=PL 6 A 82 D 6 FCD 84 BC 56 F Slide 25 of 20

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KT extinction event Slide 27 of 20

6 th mass extinction !!!!!! 5 th mass extinction 4 th mass extinction 3 rd mass extinction 2 nd mass extinction 1 st mass extinction Jawless fish Slide 28 of 20

Rate of Extinction Over Time. 3 rd mass extinction 6 th mass extinction is going on right now 1 st mass extinction 4 thmass extinction 5 th mass extinction 2 nd mass extinction Slide 29 of 20

http: //dsc. discovery. com/earth/wide-angle/massextinctions-timeline. html Slide 30 of 20

KT event: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_COc. HHvte-0 Worst Extinctions https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=pl. K 8 x. BOF 73 g Slide 31 of 20

Geologic Time Scale Slide 32 of 20

Types of Evolution: Macroevolution: Changes in anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and behavior in many species over time Example: the many species of dinosaurs Microevolution: changes within a single species over time. ex: the scarab beetle

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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Through Quaternary, beetle species have moved far– from Britain to Tibet, for example. But Coope finds little evidence of beetles going extinct in great numbers. "They indicate that insect species show a remarkable degree of stability throughout the Ice Age climatic oscillations. ” Slide 36 of 20

Different organisms undergo adaptive radiation in different places or at different times but in similar environments. convergent evolution: when unrelated organisms come to resemble one another. Results in analogous structures. Slide 37 of 20

Australian Marsupial moles provide a remarkable example of convergent evolution. Although only related to other moles in that they are all mammals, the external similarity is an extraordinary reflection of the similar evolutionary paths they have followed. Slide 38 of 20

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Divergent evolution: the accumulation of differences between groups forming new species, after species splits and lives in isolated environments. kidding Slide 40 of 20

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http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-Vv_SGtnb 0&list=PL 878 B 69 B 016 A 0 D 457 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Adaptive radiation when a single species or a small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways. Slide 44 of 20

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Adaptive Radiation of Mammals Slide 46 of 20

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Sometimes organisms that are closely connected to one another by ecological interactions evolve together. Coevolution: process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-z. Zorfhb. Ykw Slide 48 of 20

Punctuated equilibrium: pattern of evolution of long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change. Slide 49 of 20

Gradualism: slow and steady change in organisms over time. Slide 50 of 20

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Which is it? Punctuated or Gradualism Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 52 of 20

Gradualism is slow and steady Punctuated equilibrium is brief and rapid Slide 53 of 20

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Darwin felt that biological change was slow and steady, an idea known as gradualism. Slide 55 of 20

19 -1, 2 use your notes and (read ) pgs. 538 to 552 Relative dating: page 540 Radiometric dating: page 540 Half lfe (half life): pages 540 545? ? ? ? An answer Turn this in today!!!!!!! Slide 56 of 20

Relative Dating: establish the relative ages of rock layers with Index fossils If the same index fossil is found in two widely separated rock layers, the rock layers are probably similar in age. Slide 57 of 20

Radiometric Dating Relative dating is important, but provides no information about a fossil’s absolute age in years. One way to date rocks and fossils is radiometric dating. Radiometric dating relies on radioactive isotopes, which decay, or break down, into nonradioactive isotopes at a steady rate. Radiometric dating compares the amount of radioactive to nonreactive isotopes in a sample to determine its age. Slide 58 of 20

Types of relationships Slide 59 of 20

Symbiotic relationship Ants and Acacia tress Ants, caterpillars and acacia Beltian bodies thorns nectaries Slide 60 of 20

How is it a mutual relationship? Ants provide tree services too! Attack herbivores, chew up nearby trees so Acacias aren’t in shadows. Tree provides ants- nectar food, thorns for nest, protein rich Beltian bodies (on leaf tips) Slide 61 of 20

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Population Growth When Darwin read Malthus’s work, he realized that this reasoning applied to plants and animals. If all the offspring of almost any species survived for several generations, they would overrun the world. This information was central to Darwin’s explanation of evolutionary change. Slide 63 of 20

Speciation and Extinction Grand transformations in anatomy, phylogeny, ecology, and behavior—which usually take place in clades larger than a single species—are known as macroevolutionary patterns. The ways new species emerge through speciation, and the ways species disappear through extinction, are both examples of macroevolutionary patterns. The emergence, growth, and extinction of larger clades, such as mammals or dinosaurs, are also macroevolutionary patterns. Slide 64 of 20

Developmental Genes and Body Plans Hox Genes are the master control genes of body layout. Evolution of Wings in Insects Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 65 of 20

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