Bellwork Explain the importance of following directions and

Bellwork: � Explain the importance of following directions and classroom rules/procedures when you have a substitute. What do you think are Mrs. Jennette’s expectations when she is absent? What do you think will be the consequence of your misbehavior? What do you plan to do next time so that you are not in this position?

The American Revolution

First Skirmish �Britain and France interested in the Ohio River Valley › France: Ohio R. helped connect New France to Louisiana › British: interested in fur trade and land speculation

The Albany Conference Accomplishments �Purpose: negotiate an alliance with the Iroquois › Iroquois refused an alliance with Britain but agreed to remain neutral �Colonists agreed that Britain should appoint one supreme commander of all British troops in the colonies

The Albany Plan of Union �A scheme developed by a committee led by Benjamin Franklin › Colonists unite to form a federal government � Rejected plan but showed leaders thinking about joining the colonies for their common defense

British Triumph �French and Indian war also known as the 7 Years War › Fighting between French and British in Europe › Spain entered on France’s side so Britain took Spanish colonies in Cuba and the Philippines › Treaty of Paris ended the War

Results of the French and Indian War � 1. Except for a few offshore islands, the treaty eliminated French power in North America � New France became apart of the British Empire as did all of Louisiana east of the Mississippi except for New Orleans � Spain wanted Cuba and the Philippines back so gave Florida to the British › France gave Spain New Orleans and all of Louisiana west of the Mississippi

Colonies Grow Discontented � Colonies Rights are violated › Proclamation of 1763: �King George Grenville disallowed westward expansion by the colonist living in English colonies past the Appalachian Mountains �Results: �Farmers and speculators upset because they wanted access to more land to make money and to possibly live on that land

Colonies Grow Discontented � Grenville becomes lord of Treasury issues custom duties (tax on imports/exports) › Results: � 1. ) Vice-Admiralty Courts: � Designed to punish smugglers in a court designed by Great Britain in Nova Scotia. (Canada) � This broke rights the colonist had to a quick and speedy trial by their peers

Colonies Grow Discontented • 2. ) Sugar Act �Tax on sugar, wine, coffee, etc from foreign colonies. �Hurt trade by merchants and in colonies �Tax designed to raise money for the British government. �Merchants accused of smuggling were presumed guilty until proven innocent �Goods that were believed to be smuggled were taken without due process or proper court procedures. Those that were found innocent were unable to file lawsuits against authority.

Colonies Grow Discontented � 3. ) Stamp Act �Required stamps on most printed material, including newspapers, pamphlets, posters, wills, mortgages, deeds, licenses, diplomas �First direct tax on colonist �Colonists protested by refusing to buy goods from Britain � 4. ) Quartering Act �Forced colonists to pay for their defense (pay for shelter and supplies for British troops) � If the colonies didn’t provide barracks for British soldiers, they had to pay for their inns, vacant buildings or barns to stay in (forced to pay soldiers rent)

Colonies Grow Discontented � 5. ) Currency Act of 1764 › Attempt to slow inflation › Banned use of paper money in the colonies because it lost its value quickly › Angered farmers and artisans � Easier to pay back loans because money lost its value quickly

�Review �http: //www. neok 12. co m/American. Revolution. htm �

�Writing Activity: Think of a rule or law that you think is unfair. Give three reasons that the law or rule is unfair. What two things would you do to change the rule or law to make it fair?

Bellwork 10/6 Write Questions � 1. ) Describe the Proclamation of 1763. � 2. ) Describe the Sugar Act. � 3. ) Describe the Stamp Act.

Response to Acts � 1. ) Stamp Act Congress (1765): › Representatives from 9 colonies met and drafted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances › Colonists were not represented in Parliament, which meant they had no say in the laws passed in the colonies › Colonists believed there should be NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

Response to Acts � 2. ) Non-importation Agreement › Boycott British goods until the Stamp Act was repealed or dropped › British finally abolished the Stamp Act BUT designed the Declaratory Act �Allowed the British to make laws for the colonies even if they didn’t have representation

Townshend Acts � Revenue Act of 1767: › Put custom duties on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea imported into the colonies �Revenue Act legalized writs of assistance �Writs of Assistance: General search warrants that allowed British officials to enter any business, house or anywhere they suspected smuggled goods were being stored. The officials used these writs to search just about everything.

Boston Massacre (1770) �British troops began firing into a crowd of people and Crispus Attucks was the first colonist to die �Revolution could have been set off but Britain repealed the Townshend Act › Kept the tea tax to uphold the right to tax the colonists

Assignment � 1. ) Bill of Rights Chart � 2. ) Bill of Rights Pictorial › Choose any except Amendment 2 › Include title, picture to represent the amendment, brief description of the amendment › Make sure that your work is neat › Don’t forget to color your picture

The Revolution Begins Chapter 4 Section 2

Bellwork: Write Questions 10/7 � 1. ) Describe the term custom duties. � 2. ) What were writs of assistance? Which amendment are writs of assistance most closely associated? Explain the importance of that amendment. � 3. ) Describe the Boston Massacre.

East India Tea Company � Shipping company was helped by the British government in order to avoid bankruptcy � Tea Act of 1773 › This act allowed the E. I. T. company to ship tea without paying the same taxes as other shipping companies �their tea cheaper than any other tea on the market including smuggling tea

Boston Tea Party � British tea was cheaper than anything that was sold in America � December 1773 colonist dressed as Indians boarded the British ship and threw the tea into the Boston Harbor = Boston Tea Party

Result of the Boston Tea Party � Coercive Acts: Intended to punish Massachusetts and end colonial rebellion › › › 1. ) Shut down Boston’s port until repayment 2. ) Governor elected city officials 3. ) Banned most town meetings 4. ) Trials of British official was transferred to England 5. ) People were forced to house British soldiers at the scene of any disturbance These violated many traditional English rights.

First Continental Congress � The First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia. 55 Representatives from 12 colonies met (Georgia did not send a representative). They all wanted to get their rights back. Some were even ready to break away from Great Britain. Not all delegates at the Continental Congress were ready to break away or even to go war with G. B.

First Continental Congress � Declaration of Rights and Grievances › Expressed loyalty to the king but condemned the Coercive Acts › Non-importation association �Boycott all British goods

Bellwork: �Reminder: Bellwork Quiz Wednesday, Oct 12 › Test Thursday, Oct 13 �Take out your check to pay your rent

From Colonies to Constitution � https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l. Zgc 1 - n. No. YU � Questions › 11 Questions

The Revolution Begins �Militias were developed and began drilling and practicing for war �Minute Men: Men trained and ready to fight within a minutes notice

Loyalist vs. Patriots � Loyalists: › Colonist that stayed loyal to the crown (government officials, prominent merchants and landowners) �Those that benefited from a relationship with the British � Patriots › Artisans, farmers, merchants, planters, lawyers

Second Continental Congress � Issues discussed at meeting › 1. ) Defense: Militia was adopted and called the Continental Army › 2. ) George Washington: Appointed General and Commander in Chief of the army

Common Sense � Written by Thomas Paine › Attacked King George III › 100, 000 copies sold and influence people to fight and break away from the King › Led to the Declaration of Independence

Fighting in America Chapter 4 Section 3

Continental Soldiers Continental Army � American government was unable to tax to raise money for troops � › › › Unskilled Inexperienced Poorly funded Divided Little Ammunition Guerilla Warfare vs. � British Army = General Howe › › › Skilled Experienced Financially backed Organized Great Resource

Keys to War � British needed to make it a quick war…to stay out of debt � U. S. only had to survive until the British got tired of spending money on the war

France and America Alliance � Treaties are signed between France and America › France becomes the first country to recognize the United States as an independent nation

Treaty of Paris (1783) � British recognize the United States as a new nation with the Mississippi River as its western border � Britain gave Florida back to Spain � French received colonies in Africa and Caribbean

Changes to American Society Chapter 4 Section 4

The Republic � Republic: Type of government where the power resides with a body of citizens entitled to vote (elect their own reps) › Ideal republic all citizens are equal › Government gets authority from people

New States Constitution � Constitutions should be written down and limit the government’s power � John Adams believes there should be a checks and balance system › This would limit the power of any one group

� Notes Stop

Voting Rights Expanded � Especially for white men � Rich aren’t the only ones that can vote � Poor have an opportunity to choose who they want to represent them � Fighting side by side with others helped people realize they are all equal � In order to hold an elective office you still had to own land (much less)

Freedom to Religion � Government involvement in churches decreases � Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom › Virginia no longer had a state church and taxes could not be collected from the church by the state

African Americans � Emancipation becomes a major issue � Many African Americans soldiers are freed because their loyalty to the United States and their part in fighting (10, 000) � Once freed many moved to cities for employment › Discrimination in Northern cities (taking jobs)

American Culture Emerges � People are proud of their country � Patriotic symbols and stories are developed � Painters begin their own style of painting