BELLWORK Block 1 1 2 3 4 How

BELLWORK: Block #1 1. 2. 3. 4. How did the French aide the colonists against Britain? List three changes made to the new American gov. Today we will begin our study of the French Revolution. One reason French citizens rebelled was because of economic problems. Read the first two paragraphs on page 508 and summarize THREE of these economic problems. THINKER Think back to our study of Louis XIV & absolute monarchies. How did Louis contribute to the downfall of the French economy?

The French Revolution: Causes A major turning point in European history! Swept away old traditions and a new order emerged…. one based on individual rights!

Long-Term Causes n n n The Enlightenment: Encouraged liberty & individual rights American Rev: Example of freedom and democracy Social Problems: The Estates System (hierarchy) Political Conflict: Unfair absolute monarchy (Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette) Economic Weakness: Expensive wars, lavish spending by kings

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Louis relocated the government from Paris Versailles

Marie Antoinette n n n Marie at age 13; this portrait was sent to Louis to see if he approved Born to the Emperor and Empress of Austria. France pursued an alliance with Austria, so Louis decided to take an Austrian wife. Came to power in 1774.

Marie Antoinette n n French citizens did not support the marriage because of the historic rivalry and high tensions between Austria and France. After the birth of their son, fighting between Austria and France broke out

Marie Antoinette n Spent millions on diamonds, clothing, palaces, and art.

This controversial portrait was considered “improper” for a queen

Upon learning that peasants had no bread and were starving, Marie Antoinette responded: “Let them eat cake!”

Causes: The Estates System n n n French society was divided into estates (classes) The three estates determined a person’s taxes, rights and status Let’s read about it! n Page 506 -507!

The First Estate n n n Made up of clergy About 1% of the population Controlled 5 – 10% of land in France Enjoyed many privileges Did not have to pay taxes

The Second Estate n n n Made up of the nobility About 2% of the population Owned 25% of land in France Held high positions in the government and military Owned large estates and paid no taxes Incomes came mostly from peasants living and working on their land

n n n Made up of Middle Class (bourgeoisie) & peasants About 97% of population Middle Class (doctors, lawyers, merchants) were educated and wealthy, but had no prestige or privileges Peasants were forced to pay over half of their income to king, clergy and nobles Looked to Enlightenment philosophers that spoke about freedom and social justice Led the revolution against the King desired democracy! The Third Estate

BELLWORK – 1/23 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How did the American Revolution inspire the French? Define bourgeoisie. Define taille. Who paid this? Why did people dislike Marie Antoinette? List two reasons! THINKER: If the First and Second Estate were so wealthy, why couldn’t they just pay taxes to help France get out of debt? Why was it such a big problem to tax the First and Second Estates? Explain!

Causes: Estates-General n Faced with an economic crisis, the King proposed taxing the First and Second Estates n n They refused! Louis called a meeting of the Estates-General in 1789 n French Parliament; had not met since 1614.

The Estates-General n n n Made up of delegates from each estate 1 vote per estate The clergy and nobility always voted together and overruled the Third Estate felt the vote should be based on population, thus giving them the majority vote

The Tennis Court Oath n n n Fearing a revolt, the king locked the Third Estate out of their meeting place in the Estates. General The Third Estate then declared themselves the National Assembly and began meeting in an indoor tennis court Here, they took an oath called the Tennis Court Oath—refusing to disband until they had a written constitution for France

The Storming of the Bastille n n n The Bastille (a Paris prison) symbolized injustices of the monarchy On July 14, 1789 a mob surrounded the Bastille to steal weapons for the National Assembly French soldiers killed 98 rioters and the rioters released 7 prisoners

The Storming of the Bastille n n n King’s authority collapsed Popular hatred of the gov. encouraged peasants to revolt all over France. The French Revolution begins!

Review: Outbreak of Revolution! Be ready to discuss What do YOU think was the biggest cause of revolution in France? n https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=nh. Qix. R Yuc. DA n Show textbook resource clip 22. 1 n

Rule of the National Assembly & End of the Old Regime (Ch. 22, lesson 1: pgs. 509 -510) n n n What was the goal of the National Assembly? Describe the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. (Inspiration? Laws? ) How does King Louis XVI respond to this? What eventually happens to him and his family? How does the National Assembly limit the power of the church? What type of government did the Constitution of 1791 establish? How did political radicals view the new Constitution? What did they want instead? (Explain this radical shift!)