Bellwork 2 29 16 One way to organize

Bellwork 2 -29 -16 One way to organize a large group of ideas or objects is to arrange them into groups of similar ideas/objects. This is how scientists organize the elements of the Periodic Table. Practice this by categorizing the magazines below into similar groups. Computer World Beautiful Homes All About Computing The Healthy Man Sporting Times Children’s Stories How to use the Internet Nursery Rhymes Sports and Scores The Health Newsletter Football Stories Home Decorating Classic Cars The Healthy Woman Golf for Everyone Good Nutrition Easy Car Repairs Auto Racing Tennis Tips Read Aloud Stories Building a Web Site Home Makers Magazine The Sports Car Story Car Trends

Introduction to the Periodic Table

I am Dmitri Mendeleev! I made the PERIODIC TABLE !

What is the PERIODIC TABLE? o Shows all known elements in the universe. o Organizes the elements by chemical properties.

How do you read the PERIODIC TABLE?

What is the ATOMIC NUMBER? o The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom Or o The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

What is the SYMBOL? o An abbreviation of the element name.

What is the ATOMIC WEIGHT (atomic mass)? o The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

How do I find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an element using the periodic table? o # of PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER o # of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER o # of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC MASS NUMBER

Now you are almost as smart as I am! But not as handsome! Man, I look GOOD!

Common Elements and their Symbols

How to read a periodic table! • Elements are put in rows by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER!! • The horizontal rows are called PERIODS and are labeled from 1 to 7. • The vertical columns are called GROUPS, or families, and are labeled from 1 to 18. • Periods are horizontal rows (across) the periodic table, while groups are vertical columns (down) the table. Atomic number increases both as you move down a group or across a period.

Hydrogen – A class all its own • The hydrogen square sits atop Family Alkali, but it is not a member of that family. Hydrogen is in a class of its own. • It’s a gas at room temperature. • At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustible diatomic gas. • Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg. • Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles

Alkali Metals • The alkali family is found in the 1 st column of the periodic table (not including hydrogen). • They are shiny, have the consistency of clay, and are easily cut with a knife. • Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt). • Soft enough to cut with a butter knife

Alkali Metals • They are the most reactive metals. • They react violently with water. • Alkali metals are never found as free elements in nature. They are always bonded with another element.

Alkaline Earth Metals • They are never found uncombined in nature. • Alkaline earth metals include important mineral nutrients like magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), among others.

Transition Metals • Transition Elements include those elements in the B families. • These are the metals you are probably most familiar: copper, tin, zinc, iron, nickel, gold, and silver. • They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

Boron Family • The Boron Family is named after the first element in the family (Group 13). • This family includes a metalloid (boron), and the rest are metals. • This family includes the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust (aluminum), which was once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal. ”

Carbon Family • Elements in group 14 • Contains elements important to life and computers. • The element carbon is called the “basis of life. ” There is an entire branch of chemistry devoted to carbon compounds called organic chemistry.

• Did you hear oxygen went on a date with potassium? • -It went OK • ; )

Nitrogen Family • The nitrogen family is named after the element that makes up 78%. . . over (3/4) of our atmosphere. • Nitrogen and phosphorus are both important in living things. • Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living things. • The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.

Oxygen Family • Elements in group 16 • Oxygen is necessary for respiration. • Many things that stink, contain sulfur ((rotten eggs, garlic, skunks, etc. ) • It is extremely active and combines with almost all elements.

Halogens • The elements in this family are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. • Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals • Always found combined with other elements in nature. • Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.

Noble Gases • Noble Gases are colorless gases that are extremely unreactive in Group 18. • One important property of the noble gases is their inactivity. They are inactive because their outermost energy level is full. • The family of noble gases includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. • All the noble gases are found in small amounts in the earth's atmosphere. • VERY unreactive, monatomic gases • Used in lighted “neon” signs • Used in blimps to fix the Hindenberg problem.

Rare Earth Elements • The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series. • One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are called trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made.

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

What is an ELEMENT? o A substance composed of a single kind of atom. o Cannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.

What is a COMPOUND? o A substance in which two or more different elements are CHEMICALLY bonded together.

What is a MIXTURE? o Two or more substances that are mixed together but are NOT chemically bonded.

Element, Compound or Mixture?

Elements, Compunds, and Mixtures • Sodium is an element (Na). • Chlorine is an element (Cl). • When sodium and chlorine bond they make the compound sodium chloride (Na. Cl), commonly known as table salt.

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures • Hydrogen is an element. • Oxygen is an element. • When hydrogen and oxygen bond they make the compound water (H 2 O). • When salt and water are combined, a mixture is created. Compounds in mixtures retain their individual properties. u The ocean is a mixture.

Use a Periodic table to find the information asked for below: • 1. What is the atomic number of: • • Calcium___ Iron _____ Gold_____ Uranium_____ • 2. What is the Atomic mass of: • Calcium___ • Iron _____ • Gold_____ • Uranium_____ • Copper_____ • 3. How many protons do the following have? • Gold ____ Copper_____ • Iron_____ Uranium_____ Calcium 4. How many electrons do the following have? • • • Calcium ____ Gold_______ Iron_____ Copper______ Uranium_____

• 5. Does mercury have more protons and electrons than tin? • 6. Is mercury a heavier element than tin? • 7. Does potassium have more electrons than neon? • 8. Does hydrogen have more electrons than Uranium? • 9. Which has more protons, sulfur or iodine? • 10. Which has more protons, iodine or silver?