BELLWORK 1120 Today we will begin our study

BELLWORK: 11/20 • Today, we will begin our study of key technological advances and operations in WWI. One new development – chemical weapons – brought major change during and after the conflict. Read about the use of gas weaponry (page 130), then read a comparison case study of the use of gas on pgs. 131 -132. 1. Describe the different types of gas weaponry used in WWI. Which do you think was most effective for war strategy? 2. Compare and contrast the two accounts of being attacked by gas. How might you account for the differences? 3. What can you surmise about the goals o fthe Iraqi forces? What were the goals of the German army? 4. Gas was not used extensively in 20 th-century wars after 1918. Why might this be? 5. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of gas as a weapon. Is gas any more or less “humane” than other weapons? Explain your answer.

PAPER 2: CAUSES, PRACTICES AND EFFECTS OF WAR Development of New Technology and Impact on War Tactics

GERMAN GAS ATTACK ON ALLIED TRENCHES: 1914 -1916

POISON GAS ATTACK AGAINST A KURDISH VILLAGE; 1988

WESTERN FRONT • English Channel – Swiss Alps (198 miles) • After declarations of war in July. August 1914, governments made their opening moves: • • A-H opened fire on Serbia Russia mobilized Britain prepared its forces Schlieffen Plan - Germany • Failures were followed by a “race to the sea, ” which resulted in construction of trenches STALEMATE!

EASTERN FRONT • Russia, Austria-Hungary, Turkey • After Russia mobilized quickly, Germany had to divert troops East • Limited success • Pattern Russians could defeat Austrians, but not the Germans, and Germans had to keep coming to aide of Austrians • Russia’s position worsened once Turkey joined (cut main supply route through the Dardanelles)

DIVERSIONARY FRONTS • Balkan Front • Bulgaria joins; Allies launch offensive • Italian Front • Italy joins Allies in 1915 • Placed heavy burden on Austrians (deploy ½ of forces) • Turkey & Middle East Fronts • Turkey bombs Russian ports in Black Sea • Allies attempt to force Turkish surrender aide Russia! • War in Colonial Territories

HOMEWORK: KEY OPERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL/WEAPON DEVELOPMENT • Read pages 124 -132 and complete the following on your note worksheet: • Operations: • Belgium • Battle of the Marne • Trench Warfare • Technological Developments/Weapons: • Aircraft • Chemical Warfare