Bellwork 1025 Put phone up Week 1022 1026

Bellwork: 10/25 Put phone up Week 10/22 -10/26 1. Grab the papers from the front 2. Grab your lab notebook 3. Take out your unit book

Objective • Students will learn about enzymes & set up a lab to apply their knowledge

Today: 1. Unit 2, pt. 8 Notes 2. Lab Notebook Set. Up 3. Mello Jello Pt. 1

This Week: • Monday: Unit 2, pt. 5 & 6 notes • Tues/Wed: Unit 2, pt. 7 notes & macromolecules lab • Thursday: Unit 2, pt. 8 notes & Mello Jello Lab • Friday: Mello Jello Lab

Materials • Unit Book • Lab Notebook

Homework • None

Unit II: Biochemistry

Part VII: Enzymes

Think: 1. What is a catalyst?

Intro Question • Someone says to you “you can eat as much as you want and never gain weight; you must have a high metabolism”. What does that statement mean biochemically?

Chemical Reaction • A process that changes one set of chemicals into another • This change comes from breaking and/or forming new chemical bonds A + B -> C + D Reactants Products

Chemical Reactions • Chemical reactions require an input of energy to start the reaction • Called ACTIVATION ENERGY • Chemical reactions would occur very slowly in living things due to insufficient Activation Energy

Catalysts • Speed up the chemical reactions by lowering activation energy • Not consumed by the reaction • Can be used over and over! • Biological Catalysts • Proteins called Enzymes

How Enzymes Work • Folds to a specific shape, creating an Active Site • Substrate (Reactant) binds to Active Site • Chemical reaction occurs • Reactant converted to Product • Product is released from the enzyme • The free enzyme binds another substrate and starts the process over

Enzyme

Active Site • Shape of Active Site • Complementary to shape of Substrate

Lock and Key Model • The grooves and prongs of the key • Must be complementary to grooves and prongs of the lock • Like the Active Site and the Substrate • Must be complementary

Environmental Effect • Extreme environments can affect enzyme shape & binding of the Substrate • 2 key environmental factors • High or Low Temperature • p. H too acidic or too basic • These environments cause the enzyme to denature (break down) by unfolding to its Primary Structure

Answer ? s in NG

Mello Jello

First… • Date: 10/25/18 • Lab Title: Mello Jello Lab • Pages: ___-___ Table of Contents Date Lab Title Pages

Next… • Page # • Lab Title 10/25/18 Lab #: Mello Jello Lab #

Next… • • • Group Members’ Names – same as yesterday!!! Background Info – TAPE IN Scientific ? Hypothesis – “If…then. . because…” Variables • • • Independent Dependent Fixed Variables Experimental Group Control Group • Procedures – TAPE IN • Data Table – TAPE IN 10/25/18 Lab #: Mello Jello Lab Group Names: Background Info: *Tape In* Scientific Question: Hypothesis: Variables: • Independent: • Dependent: • Fixed: • Experimental Group: • Control Group: Procedures (numbered): #

Background Info Foods are not only important nutrients for cells, they are also the cause of stains in clothes. Since some of the large complex molecules in food do not dissolve well in water, they are often left in clothes after washing. Enzymes are proteins that break down complex molecules in food to produce smaller molecules that are more soluble in water. For example, enzymes can break down the protein gelatin. These enzymes are known as proteases. They cleave proteins into individual amino acids by breaking the peptide bond. Manufacturers take advantage of the ability of proteases to break down food by adding them to laundry detergents to enhance stain removal and to meat tenderizers to make meat less tough. In this lab, you will examine the effect of enzymes in detergents and other household cleaning products on jello.

Scientific Question • How do common household products that contain enzymes affect the structural integrity of jello? Hypothesis • If…then…because

Variables • Independent: Type of Liquids • Dependent: Change in well diameter • Fixed: Well size, amount of liquid used, environment • Experimental Group: Jello exposed to cleaners • Control Group: Well exposed to water

Data: • Start on new page • Tape in! # Data:

Results: • Tape in Graph Paper • Bar or Line Graph? # Results: Summary of Results: #

• Conclusion (5 -6 Sentences) • Reflection (5 -6 Sentences) # Conclusion: Reflection:

# • *Tape in Analysis Questions* Analysis Questions: *Tape In*

Today: Lab Set-Up 1. Get Jello petri dish 2. Label the dish (WRITE SMALL) ON THE TOP LID 1. One lab partner’s initials 2. Class Period

Today: Lab Set-Up 3. Cut wells in gelatin using a straw and a toothpick (BE CAREFUL)

Today: Lab Set-Up 4. Number the wells as according to your methods – BE CAREFUL!!

Today: Lab Set-Up 5. Measure and record the initial diameter of each well with a ruler (across each cutout) 6. Decide which solution goes in each well. Record. 7. DO NOT MIX DROPPERS

Today: Lab Set-Up 8. Distilled water goes in #5 9. Carefully load the wells (follow methods carefully) 10. BE CAREFUL TO NOT SPILL LIQUIDS ANYWHERE ELSE ON PLATE • If you spill, mark it on your paper