BELLRINGERS 1 Define living dead nonliving 2 Give

BELLRINGERS 1. Define: living, dead, nonliving. 2. Give examples of living, nonliving and dead objects. 3. Describe how you would know if an object is living or nonliving? 4. Define: multicellular, unicellular, autotroph, heterotroph 5. Define: prokaryotic cell, eukaryotic cell 6. Define: taxonomy, classification, kingdom, organism

BELLRINGER: Define the following: kingdom, organism, multi-cellular, unicellular. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 6 KINDGOMS

KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA * Food- Some cannot make their own food; others do. * Unicellular organisms * No Nucleus (prokaryotic) * Some can move and other cannot Reproduction – binary fission Three main types – salt loving, heat loving, and methane makers

EXAMPLES This hot, sulfur-rich, acidic pool in Yellowstone National Park is home to species of Archea, including Sulfolobus. Some archaens live 1000’s of miles deep in the ocean near superheated volcanic vents.

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA *Food – Some can make their own food: other cannot. * Unicellular organisms. * No Nucleus (prokaryotic) * Some move and other do not. Reproduction – binary fission Roles: decomposers, food makers, help digest food, clean oil spills, etc.

Examples of Eubacteria Anthrax Bacteria help digest food Strep E. Coli Binary Fission Blue green algae

Kingdom Protists * Food – Some make their own food (plantlike); others cannot (animal-like). * Unicellular and Multi-cellular * They have a nucleus (eukaryotic) * Some can move on their own. Reproduction – Binary fission Examples – Euglena, paramecium, amoeba, slime mold, volvox, algae, diatoms, giant kelp

Examples of Protists Paramecium Algae Amoeba Volvox Euglena Fission Stentor Red algae

Kingdom Fungi * Food – do not make their own food. Decomposers * Unicellular and multicellular. * Have a nucleus (eukaryotic) * Cannot move Reproduction – Sexual and Asexual Examples – yeast, mushrooms, mold, mildew, athletes foot, ringworm

Examples of Fungi Athletes Foot Bread mold mushroom Foot Fungus yeast ringworm Bread mold magnified

Plant Kingdom * Food – make their own food by photosynthesis. *Multi-cellular * They have a nucleus (eukaryotic) * Cannot move on their own. Reproduction – Sexually and asexually by fragmentation. Examples – rose, cactus, grass, daisy, ferns, trees

Examples of Plant Kingdom

Animal Kingdom * Food – Cannot make their own food. * Multi-cellular organisms * They have a nucleus (eukaryotic) * Can move on their own. Reproduction – Asexual and sexual Examples – Humans, crustaceans, spiders, insects, fish, birds, mammals, sponges, hydras, coral, worms, etc.

Examples of Animals Sea anemone hydra Sea horse Poison Dart frog Great White Shark butterfly human

Let’s Practice Which kingdom does each organism belong? Eubacteria Animal Protists plant Fungus Animal animal Fungus Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Bellringer: Define: classification, taxonomy List 3 ways humans use classification every day. Classification of living things

THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION Humans naturally like to put objects into groups in order to make sense out of the world around us. For example, at home you organize your socks from your pants, your forks from your cups. Classification - Grouping objects according to their similar characteristics. Taxonomy - The science of classifying living things.

WHY CLASSIFY? ØTo know how many known species there are the world ØTo know the characteristics of each species ØTo know the relationships between species

SCIENTISTS BEHIND TAXONOMY Aristotle was the first person to come up with a classification system for living things. He divided animals into three groups: those that walked, those that swam and those that flew. Why was this not the best classification system for animals?

NOT SO FAST ARISTOTLE!!! In the 1700’s, Carolus Linnaeus disagreed with Aristotle’s classification system. He invented the modern classification system we use today. It is called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE. Today, scientists group organisms not only by their physical characteristics BUT by their evolutionary relationships (ancient ancestors).

LINNAEUS’ SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION Binomial Nomenclature – A naming system that gives every living thing a TWO word name. This unique two word name is called the SCIENTIFIC NAME. Uses LATIN the language of scientists. Scientific names are always written in italics if typed or underlined if handwritten The first word is the GENUS and is always CAPITALIZED. The second word is the SPECIES and is always LOWER CASE.

7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species **A scientific name is the genus and species. Katie Put Cream On Fresh Green Strawberries

WHY TWO NAMES FOR EVERYTHING? v Because people speak in more than one language v. Because people give objects more than one name. for example: What is the name of this cat? Mountain lion All are correct but its ONE scientific name is puma cougar Felis concolor American Lion

LET’S PRACTICE Which scientific names are written correctly? HOMO SAPIEN Tyrannosaurus rex panthera leo Canis Lupus Felis domesticus elephas Maximus

LOOKING FOR RELATIONSHIPS Remember that one of the goals of classification is to find out how certain living things may be related to one another. What makes a living thing part of the Animal Kingdom? Cannot Eukaryotic Multicellular Locomotion make its own food ARE ALL OF THESE ANIMALS?

7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species **A scientific name is the genus and species. Katie Put Cream On Fresh Green Strawberries

KINDOM ANIMAL PHYLUM CHORDATA CLASS MAMMALIA ORDER CARNIVORA FAMILY FELIDAE GENUS Panthera SPECIES leo

Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of an organism PHYLOGENY OF MAN Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata (having a spinal cord) Class - Mammalia (have hair, give milk) Order - Primates (walk mostly on 2 legs) Family - Homindae (advanced brain that can think and reason) Genus - Homo Species - sapien

PHYLOGENY OF THE WOLF Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Carnivora Family - Canidae Genus - Canis Species - lupus