Bellringer9 1 Notes Watch the short video clip

Bellringer/9. 1 Notes Watch the short video clip and describe the changes that have occurred in the human population. What do you think has caused the recent rapid growth?

9. 1 Studying Human Populations

I. The Human Population Over Time A. Increased exponentially 1. Biggest increases around the time of industrial and scientific revolutions a. Increased food production b. Improvements in hygiene

II. Forecasting Population Size A. ______– Age Structure distribution of ages in a specific population at a certain time

B. _____– Survivorship Percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age. 1. Determined by observing a group of people born at the same time and noting when each member dies 2. Three types: a. Type I – Most members of the population survive to be very old b. Type II – Population has a constant death rate at all ages c. Type III – The young have a greater chance of dying than adults

C. Fertility _____– Rate Number of babies born per year per 1, 000 women

D. Migration _______ – Movement of individuals between areas III. Declining Death Rates & Demographic Transitions A. Life ______– Expectancy Avg. number of years a person is likely to live 1. Most affected by infant morality – the death rate of infants less than one year old a. Mostly affected by parents’ access to: i. iii. iv. Education Food Fuel Clean Water

A. __________– Demographic Transition Model that describes how populations grow and develop 1. Broken down into four stages: a. Stage 1 – Preindustrial i. Birth rate and death rate high ii. Population size low b. Stage 2 – Transitional i. Birth rate high, death rate falls ii. Population size grows quickly

c. Stage 3 – Industrial i. Birth rate & death rate close ii. Population size stabilizes but larger than before d. Stage 4 – Postindustrial i. Birth rate low, death rate high ii. Population size decreases

Demographic Transition Graph

Bellringer/9. 2 Notes What would happen if the population of White Plains doubled but the number of schools, roads, stores, and houses remained the same?

9. 2 Changing Population Trends

I. Problems of Rapid Growth A. Many problems would surface if the human population grows faster than the environment can replace resources such as: 1. Clean water 2. Burnable fuel 3. Arable land

II. Fuel Wood, Water, and Land A. Rapidly expanding populations use fuel wood faster than can be replaced by new tree growth 1. This leads to deforestation 2. Also leads to shortages of fuel wood B. Developing countries that lack infrastructure use local water supplies for: 1. Drinking 2. Washing 3. Sewage disposal i. This pollutes the ground water and leads to the spread of disease

C. _____– Arable Land use to grow crops 1. Rapidly growing populations must decide how to use arable land: i. Agriculture ii. Housing iii. Natural habitats D. Urbanization _____– People moving living in cities rather than in rural areas 1. Urbanization leads to _______: suburban sprawl i. Growth of suburban areas outside of cities

III. A Demographically Diverse World A. Demographers (people who study human population) usually place countries into one of two categories: 1. Developed (USA, Japan, Canada) 2. Developing (Afghanistan, Kenya, Haiti) B. Areas with relatively stable populations: 1. Europe, North America, Russia, S. Korea, Thailand, China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand (ALL DEVELOPED COURNTRIES)

Global Growth Trends