BELLRINGER Whale Lion Bat Whale Bird Butterfly Spider

BELLRINGER Whale Lion Bat Whale Bird Butterfly Spider Lobster Fish All of these organisms are animals and belong in Kingdom Animalia 1. If you had to classify these organisms into two groups, what would your categories be and which animals would be in which category? An example is on the side board- you cannot use mine. 2. If you had to classify these organisms into three groups BASED ON DIFFERENT CRITERIA, what would your categories be and which animals would be in which category?

Bellringer (but you don’t have to write anything!) With your table and without the internet, try to figure out the meaning of the following term: Binomial Nomenclature

• Taxonomy is the study of how living things are classified into groups.

• The groups that organisms are classified into are called taxa. (Taxon if singular) Organisms are classified genetic similarities based on: and evolutionary relationships

8 Classification Groups “Taxa” Domain- Most broad, only three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all other organisms made of eukaryotic cells– (Algae, Fungus, Plants, and Animals) Kingdom- More specific, based on cell type, method of obtaining energy, and # of cells, and complexity: Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all other animals- (Sponge, Insects, Birds, Mammals) Phylum- Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other animals that have backbones at this level. Class - Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other animals with backbones that feed milk to their young. Order - Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other animals with backbones that feed milk to their young and have opposable thumbs. Family - Based on even more specific characteristics. Example: Humans are grouped with other great apes that have opposable thumbs and have very close DNA strand sequence. Genus - Even more specific Example: Humans at this level are grouped with other human-like ancestors based on the use of language and tool use. Species - Exact organism Example: “Modern” humans with our brain size, learning capacity, and longevity.

How Humans Are Classified Broad Specific Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum (Division for plants) Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primata Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

The 8 Classification Groups “Taxa” for all living things are: Domain Dear Kingdom King Phylum Phillip Class Came Order Over Family For Genus Good Species Soup

Carol Linnaeus (1707‑ 1778), a Swedish botanist “binomial nomenclature” Scientific Naming It is a two-word naming system for living things.

• The “Binomial nomenclature” or scientific name for each species, is a combination of the genus name and species name. Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Homo = Genus, Homo sapiens = species

How closely related are you to a dog?

Naming Organisms What is the name of this organism?

Why don’t scientists use common names? Confusing – there can be more than one common name per species. Misleading – Example: starfish is not a fish WHY USE A SCIENTIFIC NAME? There is only one scientific name for each species Felis concolor

The common name of many animals can be misleading. Frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger) is a bird…. Killer whales (Orcinus orca )are the largest member of the dolphin family.

MORE THAN ONE COMMON NAME… United States and England- House Sparrow Spain – Gorrion Holland – Huismus Scientific name: Passer domesticus

ONE COMMON NAME USED FOR DIFFERENT SPECIES… United States- Mertensia virginica Scotland – Campanula rotundifolia England – Hyacinthoides nonscripta All have the common name ‘Bluebell’

What language is used for the scientific naming? LATIN 1. Latin is no longer used in conversation. 2. It’s tradition. 3. Universal. What is the correct way to write the scientific name? * Always capitalize the Genus and not the species. • If handwriting, underline the name: Felis concolor • If typing, put the name in italics: Felis concolor • You can also abbreviate the Genus: F. concolor

How Living Things Are Related • Compare the appearance of a lynx, Lynx rufus, a bobcat, Lynx canadensis a mountain lion, Felis concolor. Lynx Bobcat Mountain lion

How Living Things Are Classified Lynx Bobcat Mountain lion The scientific names of the lynx and bobcat tell you that they belong to the same genus, Lynx. All species in the genus Lynx have 28 teeth. One of the reasons- Mountain lions, have 30 teeth and belong to another genus. However all of these cats belong to the same family, called Felidae.

Recognizing Relationships Tell me something about each of these organisms. Carnegiea gigantea giant saguaro cactus Nymphaea odorata fragrant water lily Canis familiaris domestic dog Peromyscus californicus common California mouse Viola tricolor three color pansy

Question 1 According to the table, at what level does the domestic cat diverge from the ferret? Classification of Representative Mammals Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Cetacea Carnivora Family Mysticeti Mustelidae Felidae Genus Balenopora Mustela Felis Species B. physalus M. furo F. catus Common Name Blue Whale Ferret Domestic Cat

The domestic cat belongs to the family Felidae and the ferret belongs to the family Mustelidae. Classification of Representative Mammals Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Cetacea Carnivora Family Mysticeti Mustelidae Felidae Genus Balenopora Mustela Felis Species B. physalus M. furo F. catus Common Name Blue Whale Ferret Domestic Cat

Question 2 How many levels of classification do all three animals share? Classification of Representative Mammals Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Cetacea Carnivora Family Mysticeti Mustelidae Felidae Genus Balenopora Mustela Felis Species B. physalus M. furo F. catus Common Name Blue Whale Ferret Domestic Cat All three animals belong to the same kingdom, phylum, and class.

Which two organisms are most closely related? A. Didelphis virginiana B. Diospyros virginiana C. Juniperus virginiana D. Didelphis marsupialis E. Virginia striatula