BellRinger Mapping pick up packet Use page 267

Bell-Ringer Mapping: (pick up packet) • Use page 267 in the academic textbook Label all of the essential places on the map • Draw a line through middle separating Rome in the east and west (pg. 161) and label Constantinople with a star • Think-Pair-share with somebody done near you (stay seated): Is this map similar or different to your Rome map? Why do you think that is? How is Constantinople a perfect crossroads for trade? Would the geography be good or bad politically? • Page 166 (1 -4) read the connect history and geo.

The Byzantine Empire The capital of the Eastern Roman empire was changed to Byzantium to provide political, economic and military advantages. It was then renamed Constantinople by Constantine.

What military advantages do you see with this location? Constantinople

Location of Constantinople • Protection of the eastern frontier • Distance from Germanic invasions in the Western Empire • Crossroads of trade • Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by natural harbors

Its location was a crossroads for trade connecting Europe with Asia and the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.

Role of Constantinople • Seat of the Byzantine Empire until Ottoman (Muslim) conquest • Preserved classical Greco-Roman culture • Center of trade Istanbul Market

Greco-Roman Traditions Byzantine families continued to educate their children in Roman and Greek grammar and literature through monasteries and private tutors, preserving Greco-Roman culture. Meanwhile, in the west, Rome had been conquered by Germanic tribes that had no written language. As civilization declined in the west, it continued to flourish as the New Rome in Constantinople.

Justinian came to power in 527 AD as an absolute ruler • As the first to codify Roman law, Justinian provided the basis for the law codes of Western Europe. Became known as Justinian’s Code. • Under Justinian, the Byzantine Empire reached its height in culture and prosperity. • Reconquest of former Roman territories in an effort to restore New Rome to earlier glory • Expansion of trade

Greek Orthodox Christianity and imperial patronage enabled the Byzantine Empire to develop a unique style of art and architecture. Greek and Roman traditions were preserved in the Byzantine Empire. What is imperial patronage? It means that the emperor supported and paid for beautiful pieces of art and the construction of buildings.

The Byzantines used domes and columns in their architecture. Christianity was theme of Byzantine art and mosaics were used to show religious ceremonies.

Mosaic of Constantine looking over his city

Byzantine Art and Architecture • Inspiration provided by Christian religion and imperial power • Icons (religious images) • Mosaics in public and religions structures • Hagia Sophia (a Byzantine domed church) Can you think of 5 adjectives to describe this artwork? Icon

Hagia Sophia What elements of Roman Architecture do you see?

Byzantine Culture • Continued flourishing of Greco -Roman traditions • Greek language (as contrasted with Latin in the West) • Greek Orthodox Christianity • Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in Byzantine libraries

Basilica Cistern

Valens Aqueduct

The cultural and political differences between the eastern (Byzantine) and western Roman Empires weakened the unity of the Christian Church and led to its division in 1054. Western Church Eastern Church • Centered in Rome • Farther from the seat of power after Constantinople Became the capital • Use of Latin Language in liturgy • Authority of the Pope accepted • Practices such as celibacy accepted • Centered in Constantinople • Close to the seat of power after Constantinople became capital • Use of Greek language in the liturgy • Authority of the Patriarch accepted • Icons prohibited – Iconoclasts destroyed images x o d c i l o h t a Ro C n ma Ea n r e st o h t Or

Byzantine civilization influenced Russian and Eastern European civilizations through its religion, culture and trade. Why? Kievan Rus around 1050 CE http: //www. drshirley. org/geog/map 30 c_rus. gif

Traders from Kiev (present day Ukraine) traveled down the Dnieper River to trade in the city of Constantinople. These traders were Vikings and Slavs (people of the region north of the Black Sea). The word “Slave” comes from Slav as many were sold in Constantinople as slaves. Kiev would be one of Russia’s earliest civilizations

Dnieper River Constantinople which is Istanbul today

Influence of Byzantine Culture on Eastern Europe and Russia • Trade routes between the Black Sea and Baltic Sea • Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Russia and much of Eastern Europe • Adoption of Greek alphabet for the Slavic languages by St. Cyril (Cyrillic Alphabet) • Church architecture and religious art

Baltic and Black Sea Trade Routes http: //www 2. warwick. ac. uk/fac/arts/history/undergraduate/modules/hi 127/programme/western/late_medieval_trade_routes. jpg

Cyril and his brother Methodius developed a new alphabet while trying to teach the Bible to the Slavs. The Slavs had no written language so Cyril and Methodius worked to give them an alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet is still used today.

The Cyrillic Alphabet http: //www. pbs. org/weta/faceofrussia/reference/img/cyrillicalphabet. gif http: //www. davidgoodwin. net/albums/album 30/DSCF 1565. sized. jpg

The use of Domes in church architecture was adopted from the Byzantines and were modified – Russian domes are onion-shaped.

Loose leaf paper write this down: Name date Rome and Byzantine Notes Packet Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

HISTORICAL HEAD: Justinian Your Task: Please fill in the “brain” of Emperor Justinian with his thoughts, ideas, visions, and important contributions. You must include at least SEVEN images. Number each image and, on the back of this sheet, write a statement that identifies and explains each image. You must include codification of Roman law, reconquest of Roman territories, the expansion of trade, and the Hagia Sophia. Make sure your written and verbal comments and images are appropriate and rated “G” for general audience!