Bellringer l Take out your Preamble Goals in

Bellringer l Take out your “Preamble Goals in the News” assignment AND recycling (if you received it). If you do not have this, then fill out a missing assignment slip. l Complete the “Chart Skills” questions 1 and 2 of “Comparing Governments” at the top of page 132 in your textbook. l You do not need to write the question, but rephrase it.

Principles of the Constitution l Basic Principles l Popular Sovereignty l Limited Government & Rule of Law l Separation of Powers l Checks & Balances l Federalism

Principles of the Constitution l Popular Sovereignty l Power lies with the people. – Popular – The people or public. – Sovereignty – The right to rule. Gov. – Constitution Government & limits both federal & state power. Rule of Law l Rule of Law – Laws apply to EVERYONE, including those that govern. l Limited

Principles of the Constitution l Separation l 3 of Powers l Checks & Balances branches of government each have separate powers and responsibilities. • Each branch can check (limit) other 2 branch’s power. • No one branch becomes too powerful.

Checks & Balances

Checks & Balances l This process is used to keep any one branch from becoming too powerful. l Checks & Balances limits the power of the government by allowing the three branches to check one another’s powers.

Checks & Balances l The President can appoint Justices to the Supreme Court with the Senate’s approval. – The Senate can “check” the President by approving or rejecting appointments. l Congress can make laws. – The President can “check” Congress by vetoing those laws

Checks & Balances The House of Representatives can check the President with their power to impeach. – Impeach means to formally ACCUSE of a wrongdoing! l Once someone has been impeached (formally accused), then the Senate “holds trial” to determine whether they lose their position or not. l

Checks & Balances l The Supreme Court can check Congress and President by declaring the laws passed by Congress and approved by the President as unconstitutional.

Checks & Balances

Checks & Balances = Rock, Paper, Scissors Checks & Balances Rock, Paper, Scissors

Federalism – 3 Types of Powers l Enumerated l Powers given to National Powers government. – Enumerated/Expressed/Delegated– l Reserved Powers Listed or Spelled Out l Powers reserved (set aside) for state governments. – Not listed in the Constitution l Concurrent Powers l Powers shared by both national & state governments.

3 Parts of the Constitution l 1. Preamble – The introduction and goals of the Constitution. l 2. The 7 Articles – Body of the Constitution (LEJ RASR) l 3. Amendments – Changes to the Constitution

The 7 Articles Lists the functions and purposes of the government

Article I – Legislative Branch l Article I establishes the Legislative Branch (U. S. Congress). (Pg. 197) l It creates the Senate and the House of Representatives. (100 + 435 = 535) l Congress has the task of making laws. l Only Congress can declare war or coin money.

Article II – Executive Branch l Article II establishes the Executive Branch which is made up of the (U. S. President & Vice President). l It establishes procedures for electing the President and Vice President – The President’s cabinet (not in the Constitution) l The Executive Branch has the task of carrying out (or enforcing) the laws.

Article III – Judicial Branch l Article III establishes the Judicial Branch (Supreme Court and other lower courts). l Their main job is to try cases and interpret the laws (determine if the laws are constitutional) l There are 9 Supreme Court Justices

Article IV – Relations Between States l Article IV establishes the relations of the states and the rights of citizens. l It establishes good will among states. l Promises U. S. protection of the states & how to admit new states to the Union. l Sets up rights of citizens from state to state.

Article V – Amending l Article V discusses amending the Constitution l To amend (or change) allows the Constitution to change with the times. l We currently have 27 Amendments l The first 10 make up the Bill of Rights.

Article VI - Supremacy Clause l Article VI discusses the supremacy of the Constitution. l The Constitution is the highest authority in the land. l If any law contradicts the Constitution, the Constitution wins.

Article VII – Ratification l Article VII discusses the ratification of the Constitution. To ratify means to approve. l It required 9 out of 13 states to ratify before the Constitution would go into effect. l New Hampshire was the 9 th – June 21, 1788

Helpful Mnemonic l Legislative (Lazy) l Executive (Elephants) l Judicial (Jump) l Relations between states (Rarely) l Amendment Process (And) l Supremacy Clause (Sleep) l Ratification (Regularly)

Bellringer 5. The following quote is a quote from the Declaration of Independence. “That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government…” Jefferson is referring to which Enlightenment idea? a. b. c. d. Checks and Balances Natural Rights Protection of life, liberty, and property Social Contract

Bellringer 24. How did the U. S. Constitution solve a problem created by the Articles of Confederation? A. It avoided the issue of states’ rights. B. It allowed the states to elect representatives. C. It prevented the amendment of federal laws. D. It enabled the federal government to collect taxes.