Bellringer Download todays notes End of War Notes

Bellringer • Download today’s notes: End of War Notes • Answer the following questions: • 1. Who do you think will receive the blame for the war? Why? • 2. What country do you think will be most upset when the war is finally over? Why?

Allies Win the War • When the US joined the war on April 6 th, 1917, the ____ gained a key advantage • Psychological boost, fresh troops and materials • Nov. 1917 – ____Revolution lead to Russia leaving the war by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (peace treaty between Russia and Germany) • Under the treaty, Russia gave up lands to Germany

Allies win the War (cont. ) • March 1918 - ____ tries one last push against France, but were too weak to complete it • France, with the new supply of ____ troops, was able to counterattack Germany. • Germany was now facing ____, soldiers revolting, and a revolutionary movement, which eventually forced the Kaiser to step down, and a democratic ____ was created. (Attempts at communist revolutions squashed by the new government. ) • Germany and France signed an ____ (truce) and WWI ended on 11/11/1918 at 11 am. (Celebrated as ____’ Day today!) • Now the question remained, how to bring peace to ____ and prevent another war, like this, from happening again.

Allies Meet at Versailles • The Big ____: Wilson (US), Clemenceau (France), Lloyd George (UK), and meet to discuss peace in France at the Palace of Versailles in early 1919 • Germany was excluded from attending. Why? ____ • Russia couldn’t attend. Why? ____ • Wilson had an ____ plan for peace called the 14 Points • 1. End of secret treaties 2. Freedom of the seas • 3. Free trade 4. Reduced armies and navies • 5. Colonial rights (for colonies) • 6. -13. New borders (new nations and self-____) • 14. Idea for the League of ____

Peace Process The Big Three 1. Woodrow Wilson USA 3. Georges Clemenceau France 2. David Lloyd-George Great Britain

League of Nations • Wilson hoped that this would be a “general association of nations” that would work together to keep ____ in Europe, and peacefully negotiate solutions to global conflicts. • Treaty of Versailles created the League of Nations, but ironically ____ did not join, because Congress (in US) would not agree to it, they thought it would strip the US of its own selfdetermination and independence. • Wilson hoped that the League could fix any unfair settlements in the treaty, so he ____

A Harsh Peace • Britain and France ____ with Wilson’s ideas for peace. • They were both more worried with ____ Germany, and protecting themselves from a future German attack. • Secret agreements made before the war about territorial gains • The treaty was a series of compromises • Treaty of ____ was signed on June 28, 1919 (five years to the day after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand)

A Harsh Peace (cont. ) The Treaty: 1. Germany lost ____ in Europe, Africa and Asia (to new nations and to the Allies/France) Creation of the Rhineland (demilitarized zone) 2. Germany had severe restrictions placed on its ____ operations. (limited size of army and navy, no air force, and no purchasing weapons. ) 3. Article 231 aka “____” clause- placed responsibility for the war on Germany’s shoulders (and Austria’s). 4. Finally, Germany forced to pay $33 billion in war ____ to the Allies, over 30 years. This completely destroyed Germany’s economy and helped lead them into a Great Depression. How do you think Germany felt about the terms of the treaty? What do you think the consequences of this treaty will be? ____

The Legacy of the WWI ____ was bitter, since it was blamed for the war, and had to pay reparations. ____ continued, despite discussion of giving colonies some independence or selfdetermination. League of Nations (which US did not join) was ____ to take any actions to prevent war. 10+ million dead, 30 million in casualties (wounded and dead)

Legacy (cont. ) • Entire ____ of Europeans wiped out. (16 -28 year olds) • ____ cost for the Great War = $338 billion. • Economic depression that followed, allowed ____ regimes to take over some countries. • European map was completely ____… again.

Connect! • 1. Who were the Big Three? • 2. What treaty ended the war? • 3. What were the major terms of the treaty? • 4. What do you think will happen next in Europe?

Homework! • Russian Revolution quiz tomorrow! Test on Thursday!