Bellringer Complete the Punnett Square G green seeds
Bellringer: Complete the Punnett Square G- green seeds g- yellow seeds g G g G g g g Genotype: 50% Heterozygous Gg 50% Homozygous gg Phenotype: 50% Green 50% yellow
REPRODUCTION in Flowering Plants
I. FLOWERS l l Are the organs of reproduction in flowering plants. Reproduction of flowering plants takes place within flowers.
Parts of A Flower l Sepals and petals are modified leaves. – Sepals are the outermost layer that protect the developing flower Petals can help to attract animal pollinators by being brightly colored. – petal sepal
l A stamen is the male structure of the flower. stamen filament – anther produces pollen grains – The pollen contains the male gametes (sperm) – filament supports the anther
l The innermost layer of a flower is the female pistil. (Also called a carpel) – stigma is sticky tip – style is tube leading from stigma to ovary – ovary produces female gametes – Inside the ovary are the ovules or eggs stigma Pistil style ovary
Flower Parts pistil ovule
II. POLLINATION A. Anther splits open when the pollen are mature l B. Pollen are carried to the stigma by wind, water, or animals. THIS is pollination l C. Plant reproduction is most successful when pollination rates are high Pollination is part of l D. Sexual reproduction, which results in greater genetic diversity (good for the species survival) l
l Wind pollinated flowers have small flowers and large amounts of pollen.
• Animal pollinated flowers have larger flowers and less pollen grains – pollination occurs as animals feed from flower to flower – animal pollination is more efficient than wind pollination
III. FERTILIZATION l l l A. Pollen is carried to the stigma in pollination B. A pollen grain grows a tube down the style to the ovary C. Sperm travel down the tube D. In a process called fertilization, the sperm fertilizes the egg. E. The fertilized Egg is called a ZYGOTE.
Fertilization
IV. FRUITS AND SEEDS A. Following fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit and the ovules become the seeds inside, while the rest of the flower dies. l B. Fruits help protect the seeds until they mature and help scatter seeds into new habitats. -Fruits are the part of the plant that contain seeds: cucumbers, maple “helicopters”, green peppers, squash are all fruits. l
Flower to Fruit
V. GERMINATION l l A. At maturity, the seed coat dries and hardens, enabling it to survive harsh conditions B. Once conditions are favorable, the seed germinates (sprouts/grows) and becomes a new plant.
Seed Anatomy
Seed Germination
- Slides: 17