BELLRINGER Analyze the chart on Enlightenment Thinkers in

BELLRINGER Analyze the chart on “Enlightenment Thinkers” in your textbook on page 89. Then, answer the 2 questions to the right. Be sure to cite evidence from the chart when answering each question.

The Enlightenment Influences of Montesquieu & Locke

SS. 7. C. 1. 1: Recognize How Enlightenment Ideas Including Montesquieu’s View of Separation of Power and John Locke’s Theories Related to Natural Law and the Social Contract Influenced the Founding Fathers

The Enlightenment (or Age of Reason) is an era from the 1620’s to the 1780’s in which cultural and intellectual forces in Western Europe emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism rather than traditional lines of authority.

The Enlightenment

John Locke – Natural Rights • People are born with natural rights (IDEA KNOWN AS NATURAL LAW) • Rights to life, liberty and property.

John Locke – Social Contract - People give up some rights in order to be protected by government. If government fails to protect people’s natural rights, people have a right to overthrow it.

John Locke – Social Contract

John Locke – Social Contract – people enter into an “agreement” with the government and must give up the right to do certain things, but they get back protection from the government.

John Locke – Influence on the Declaration of Independence John Locke Thomas Jefferson v Natural Rights v Unalienable Rights v Social Contract v Consent of the governed v Life, liberty & property v Life, liberty & pursuit of happiness

Baron de Montesquieu • Believed government power should be divided into branches – Separation of Powers • Each branch of government should be able to limit power of other 2 branches, creating a balanced government

Montesquieu – Separation of Powers

Montesquieu – Separation of Powers Legislative Makes Laws Executive Executes (enforces) the Law Judicial Interprets the Law

Montesquieu – Influence? Executive – President – Enforces Laws Legislative – Congress – Makes Laws Judicial - Supreme Court – Interprets Laws

Montesquieu / Locke Review The Enlightenment –was a time of learning, knowledge and philosophy John Locke: v Natural Law v Social Contract v Influenced the Declaration of Independence Montesquieu: Separation of Powers / Checks and Balances

Matching – Enlightenment Influences: John Locke & Montesquieu 1. Enlightenment 2. John Locke a. Things that everyone should be able to do no matter what b. Is known for his ideas about separation of powers 3. John Locke 4. John Locke 5. Montesquieu 6. Montesquieu 7. Thomas Jefferson 8. Natural Rights c. Was influenced by John Locke when writing the Declaration of Independence d. The time period when Locke and Montesquieu wrote e. Was known for his ideas about natural rights & law f. Said that government should protect life, liberty & property g. Is known for his ideas about “the social contract” h. Said that government power should divided into 3 branches

Influences on American Government

Early English Influence • Early American ideas of democracy and government can be traced back to early English rule. • England was ruled by a monarch for centuries. • “Monarchy” is a form of government where the nation is ruled by a king or queen

Rule of King John (1199 -1216) • The rule of King John of England met resistance from his noble families. • In 1215, they rebelled in order to maintain their authority and privileges.

The Magna Carta (1215) • Magna Carta (Latin for “Great Charter”) was signed by King John. • It was a contract that limited the power of the monarch by guaranteeing that no one is above the law (even the king) – RULE OF LAW

The Magna Carta (1215) This document upheld the rights of landowners by: 1. protecting the people’s rights 2. limiting the power of the Monarch – leading to a LIMITED GOVERNMENT!

English Bill of Rights (1689) • The English Bill of Rights was drawn up in 1689 by Parliament (England’s legislature. ) • The English Bill of Rights stated that the English monarch had no power over the Parliament and could never again control it’s actions.

English Bill of Rights (1689) The new document guaranteed the following: 1. King could not suspend laws without Parliament’s approval. 2. King could not create special courts without Parliament’s approval. 3. King could not impose new taxes without Parliament’s approval. 4. King could not raise an army without consent of Parliament 5. Parliament would now be freely elected (by the people) 6. All citizens would have the right to fair trial 7. Bans cruel and unusual punishment

Limited Government • Documents like the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights created a tradition of limited government in England – the colonists would be influenced by these documents and the idea of limited government later on….

• Mayflower Compact • ESTABLISHED SELF-GOVERNMENT • In 1620, Pilgrim’s ship knocked off course on way to America. • Needed to establish a compact (written agreement) to establish laws. • Created a direct democracy.