BELLRINGER 1130 AND 121 1 Pick up the

BELLRINGER: 11/30 AND 12/1 1. Pick up the paper by the door. 2. Find your name on the paper at each table. 3. Take out your French Revolution person and your Revolutions vocab. 4. Update your To. C: 65: Answer Sheet – Sci. Rev/Enlight. � 66: SOL Reading – Revolutions � 67: Notes: French Rev. Notes Part 1 � 68: French Rev. Worksheet �

AGENDA: 11/30 1. Bellringer 2. Vocab Check 3. Notes: French Revolution, Part 1 4.

FRENCH REVOLUTION, PART 1

PRE-REVOLUTION FRANCE

THE THREE ESTATES Before the revolution the French people were divided into three groups Legally the first two estates enjoyed many privileges, particularly exemption from most taxation.

THE FIRST ESTATE The clergy � 1% of the population � Controlled about 5 -10% of the land � Did NOT pay taxes � There were very wealthy abbots, who lived in luxury off of wealthy church lands. � There were poor parish priests, who lived much like the peasants.

THE SECOND ESTATE The nobility � About 2 -7% of the population � Owned 25% of the land Inherited titles However, most enjoyed privileges and wealth ($$$) and little taxes

THE THIRD ESTATE The common people – largest group in France. � About 85 -90% of the population � Owned about less than 1/2 of the land � INCLUDES: Doctors and lawyers Shopkeepers The urban poor The peasants Bourgeoisie

WHAT’S WRONG WITH FRANCE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION?

KING LOUIS XVI Lives in luxury at Versailles Louis XVI was an awkward, clumsy man who had a good heart but could not relate to people on a personal level. – He often appeared unfeeling and gruff. – He was insecure and seems to have disliked being King of France. – Spent a lot of money n When one of his ministers resigned, he was heard to remark, "Why can't I resign too? "

MARIE ANTOINETTE Marie Antoinette, in her early years as Queen, was flighty and irresponsible. � She spent huge amounts of money on clothes, buying a new dress nearly every other day. � Austrian by birth = unpopular in France and had few friends.

POLITICAL FACTORS: 1. Absolutism � Louis XVI = absolute monarch � Dictatorial rule = not liked by the people Harsh punishments, people thought he was out of touch Lack of belief in divine right Estates General only met if king asked them to Mad about excessive spending of Louis and Marie Antoinette

SOCIAL FACTORS: 1. Rising poverty rate � Overspending of monarchy = country goes into debt � No money left to spend to help French people � Greater divisions between rich and poor result 2. Rise of the bourgeoisie (middle class) � Growing population � Resent lack of influence of the middle class in France

ECONOMIC FACTORS: 1. Rising national debt � Due to fighting wars, excessive spending by monarch, housing nobles at Versailles

ECONOMIC FACTORS: 2. Bad harvests, rising unemployment, rising prices rise in poverty � All food prices kept going up (even bread!) � Especially bad when coupled with the rumors that the king intended to RAISE taxes on the Third Estate 3. People are left wanting change

INTELLECTUAL FACTORS: 1. Enlightenment ideas � More people = educated � Ways to express criticisms of gov’t (the novel) Many think the king has too much power (even the nobles!) � Growth of salons as intellectual spaces � People want a better society Personal natural rights Freedom of…

INTELLECTUAL FACTORS: 2. Influence of American Revolution � Declaration of Independence France’s Declaration of the Rights of Man � “Unalienable rights” � Idea that a gov’t should be chosen by the people and should serve the people Want a democracy!

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION BEGINS

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=muezt. N 2 Mo. GM

1. CALLING THE ESTATES GENERAL The King attempted to solve the financial crisis Louis XVI removes some of nobles' tax exemptions. � Nobles = DO NOT like this � However, the nobility saw themselves as special, with better blood, and were entitled to all of their class privileges. RESULT: No progress was made

The meeting of the Estates General May 5, 1789

2. THE TENNIS COURT OATH The third estate felt like nothing was being accomplished The 3 rd estate met on tennis court Will not leave until King meets their demands. � Their oath is known as the Tennis Court Oath. � Created National Assembly � It said: "The National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned to establish the constitution of the kingdom. . . decrees that all members of this assembly shall immediately take a solemn oath not to separate. . . until the constitution of the kingdom is established on firm foundations. . . " June 20, 1789

The Tennis Court Oath by Jacques Louis David

3. THIRD ESTATE TRIUMPHS The King was unwilling to use force Louis XVI orders 1 st/2 nd Estates to join new National Assembly. RESULT (so far): The third estate is “winning”.

4. THE STORMING OF THE BASTILLE When? July 14, 1789 What? Members the 3 rd Estate, joined by some of the King's soldiers, stormed the prison (a symbol of the king and his government). RESULT: � The commander of the Bastille, de Launay, attempted to surrender � the mob of the 3 rd Estate would not accept surrender. He was killed as they poured through the gates. No guard was left alive. Prisoners were released

The Fall of the Bastille

STORMING OF THE BASTILLE

5. THE GREAT FEAR When? July through early August 1789 What: riots in the countryside (peasants v. nobles)

THE GREAT FEAR Peasants burned their nobles' chateaux, feudal documents destroyed National Assembly response: � Nobles and clergy give up some rights � Feudalism is gone

TRANSFER OF POWER FROM LOUIS XVI TO THE REIGN OF TERROR

THE KING’S RETURN TO PARIS Under pressure from the National Guard, the King also agreed to return to Paris with his wife and children. It was the last time the King saw Versailles.

6. THE NEW CONSTITUTION, 1789 -1791 A new constitution was written by the National Assembly It limited rights of the king and nobles (like English Bill of Rights did in England after the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution) Louis XVI did NOT like the constitution but he played along with it anyway Represented the end of the monarchy in France

7. THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI A constitutional monarchy forms after Louis XVI signs the constitution Limited monarchy turns into radical republic. The National Convention put Louis XVI on trial for “conspiring against the liberty of a nation” Verdict = GUILTY, execution in 1793

EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI

AFTER THE NOTES: 1. Work on the French Revolution era map assignment. Use page 190 in your textbook. 2. If time permits… � Work on the short timeline assignment (use p. 190 again for this) � Fill in the Legislative Assembly chart (use page 198)

BELLRINGER: 12/2 AND 12/3 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Take out your French Revolution person and your Revolutions vocab. 3. Update your To. C: 65: Answer Sheet – Sci. Rev/Enlight. � 66: SOL Reading – Revolutions � 67: Notes: French Rev. Notes Part 1 �

AGENDA: 11/30 1. Bellringer 2. Vocab Check 3. Notes: French Revolution, Part 1 4.

THE REIGN OF TERROR

MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE Head of the Committee of Public Safety "Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible" "the end justifies the means"

ROBESPIERRE BIO:

COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY Committee was set up to help the revolution survive It tried people very quickly for going against the revolution

THE REIGN OF TERROR Anyone who went against the revolution was executed. Public executions were considered educational. Women were encouraged to sit and knit during trials and executions. The Revolutionary Tribunal ordered the execution of 2, 400 people in Paris by July 1794. Across France 30, 000 people lost their lives.

WATCH COMMITTEES Most of the people rounded up were not aristocrats, but ordinary people. � A man (and his family) might go to the guillotine for saying something critical of the revolutionary government. � Watch Committees around the nation were encouraged to arrest "suspected persons, . . . those who, either by their conduct or their relationships, by their remarks or by their writing, are shown to be partisans of tyranny and federalism and enemies of liberty" (Law of Suspects, 1793).

NAPOLEON’S TAKEOVER

THE DIRECTORY People were tired of instability and bloodshed and were ready for something more moderate. By 1795, the republic was gone, and 5 men with business interests had the executive power in France. This new government was called The Directory. � It was far more conservative than the Jacobin republic had been. � It was also ineffectual.

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE The people readily accepted the coup d'etat [quick seizure of power] of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799. The revolution was over. Or was it?

NAPOLEON AND HIS ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Replaced the Directory by gaining military support Crowned himself king in 1804 Accomplishments � Restructured the government � Public schools � Bank of France � Napoleonic Code � Peace w/ Catholic Church

VIEW OF NAPOLEON Most European countries supported the revolution and as a result were against Napoleon was a power hungry and land hungry leader

WHO LIKES NAPOLEON? France Controlled France was friends with � Spain � Austria � Italy � Prussia � Poland � Denmark � Netherlands � Norway � Switzerland � Confederation of the Rhine

THE FALL OF NAPOLEON AND FRANCE

THE PROBLEM WITH RUSSIA Then Napoleon invaded Russia and was defeated, killing over 500, 000 of his troops Russia, Prussia, Spain, England, Austria and Italy all ganged up on France and sent troops Napoleon was defeated

AFTER WATERLOO… Napoleon was exiled to Elba then Saint Helena He was placed under house arrest from 1815 until 1821 when he died

NAPOLEON AND THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA Napoleon took so much land of Europe 1814 – Congress of Vienna � France was forced to give up its newly claimed land repay war damages � Bourban Louis XVIII was recognized as the heir

FRENCH REVIEW VIDEO https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VEZqar. Un. Vpo