Bellringer 1130 and 121 1 Pick up papers

Bellringer: 11/30 and 12/1 • 1. Pick up papers by the door. • 2. Take out Greek Culture reading from the AP book. • 3. Cross out the following boxes in your “Greek Culture” Notes: – Greek Drama (on the back page at bottom) – Greek Values (at bottom of front page) • 4. Make these Table of Contents Updates: – 63: Notes - Greek Culture – 64: AP Reading Questions: Greek Culture – 65: The Odyssey Values Worksheet

Agenda: • • 1. Bellringer 2. Notes: Greek Culture 3. Odyssey Activity 4. AP Reading Questions

Homework: • Finish AP Reading Questions on Greek Culture (Page 64). These will be checked for a HW grade next class (Wednesday 12/2 or Thursday 12/3).

Foundations of Greek Culture

Role of Stories • Greek culture is based on stories –Stories are largely myths? –What is the purpose of myths?

Homeric Epics • Epic = long poem about a hero, important to a culture • Homer = probable author, lived around 750 BCE • Events took place around 1250 BCE (the Mycenaean time)

The Iliad • A story about the Trojan War –Paris from Troy captures Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king –A huge Greek army attacks Troy, led by Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae

The Iliad –After 10 years surrounding the city, the Greeks trick their way into Troy and destroy the city • Why does this matter? We can learn a lot about what Greeks wanted in heroes and leaders from epic poems like this one

The Odyssey • After winning the Trojan War, a Greek king named Odysseus tries to go home, but angers the gods –It takes him 10 years and many trials to reach his wife and son • Learn about Greek life at home, what they value in husbands and fathers

Not Just Stories • Homeric epics = history –Everything was bigger and everyone was stronger and better –This shapes how Greeks view themselves and what they value

What qualities of the Iliad and Odyssey make it an epic poem? - They both have a hero - Both display important Greek values - Both still part of Greek culture

Ancient Greek Values

Respect the Gods • The gods are like high schoolers – Jealous – Petty – Easily angered – And they hold grudges • Don’t make them angry, or you will pay – Myths tell you how to act – They are called gods for a reason

Family • Loyal to their family and friends, welcome guests as temporary family members • Examples: – Greeks fight for 10 years to get Helen back in the Iliad, led by Helen’s husband’s brother – Odysseus travels for 10 years to return home to his wife, who remains faithful

Arete • Your value or worth, your moral excellence • Examples: – Warriors and athletes honored in the Iliad and Odyssey – Celebration of Odysseus’ and Penelope’s intelligence and loyalty (their arête)

Agon • Competition or conflict, whether in sport, battle, or conversation (debate). The Greeks love to compete • Examples: – Constant athletic challenges throughout the Iliad and Odyssey – Olympic Games

Kleos Aphthiton • Undying glory – the ultimate goal for the Greeks was to be remembered forever • Examples: – Achilles (Iliad): you know he died – Kings trying to be the most powerful – Olympic athletes – Spartan warriors

Greek Religion

Greek Religion • Main characteristics: – Polytheistic – Gods tied to natural events – Festivals held in honor of gods • Gods/goddesses = patrons of cities – EX: Athena and Athens • Can you draw any connections between the Greek religion (its characteristics) and the religions or beliefs of other cultures we’ve studied so far?

Greek Philosophy

The Three Most Famous Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle

Socrates 469 - 399 B. C. • Encouraged students to think • Dialectic/Socratic method • Conversational • Based upon reason and logic • Socrates’ approach was more rigorous and was the forerunner of logic. • Most famous student: Plato • Placed on trial for impiety and corrupting youth • Was executed in 399 – drank poison hemlock

Socrates 469 - 399 B. C. Socratic Method: I. Admit ignorance. II. Never rely on tradition. III. Continuously question. IV. Formulate your own opinions. V. Test your opinions with

Plato 427 - 347 B. C • Preserved work of Socrates • “Philosopher-kings” • Most important source of info on Socrates • Founded the Academy • Wrote dialogues – The Republic – most important dialogue “Those things which are beautiful are also difficult. ” .

Aristotle 384 - 322 B. C. • Most famous student of Plato • Most famous teacher of Alexander the Great • Fully developed Logic as a field of study • Devised a complex system of classification – Used in biology • Views on Government

Aristotle 384 - 322 B. C. • Views on Government • 3 Good Governments: –Monarchy –Aristocracy –Democracy • 3 Bad Governments: –Tyranny –Oligarchy –Mob Rule

OTHER GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

Pythagoras 582 -500 B. C. • The universe could only be understood thru numbers. • Famous for the Pythagorean Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2

Pythagoras 582 -500 B. C. c 2 a 2 • Pythagorean Theorem: b 2 a 2 + b =c 2 2

Hippocrates 460 -377 B. C. • Founded a school of medicine • Rejected that sickness comes from the gods • Studied symptoms of illnesses • The Hippocratic Oath

Euclid c. 300 B. C. • One of the most prominent mathematicians • Wrote The Elements • Widely used till about 1903. • 2 nd only to the Bible in numbers of translations, publications, and study • Greek – Arabic – Latin

Greek Art/Architecture

Greek Columns • The Greeks altered Egyptian column styles to develop their own style of column or order decoration • There are three types of Greek columns--which are still used today.

1. Doric • The first of the Greek order (the oldest) • Less ornate detailing at the top

2. Ionic • The second Greek order (the middle) • 2 nd oldest kind of column in Greece • Scroll-like detailing at the top

3. Corinthian • The third type of the Greek order • Most ornate detail work at the top

Greek Buildings • Many Greek buildings remain in partial standing These buildings and styles influenced Roman architecture that followed.

Acropolis • Main temple complex in Athens— and Greece • Built by Pericles; “Golden Age of Athens”

Parthenon • Athena’s Temple at the Acropolis • Why is it the largest temple on the Acropolis?

Greek Culture Activities • 1. The Odyssey Reading Analysis (Page 65) – There are 8 different readings posted around the room. Use them to answer the questions on Page 65. This can be done alone or in a group of TWO MAX. • 2. AP Text Reading Questions: Greek Culture (Page 64) – Use the AP textbook section you read for homework to answer the questions either individually or in a GROUP OF TWO MAX.