Bellringer 1026 and 1027 1 Pick up the

Bellringer: 10/26 and 10/27 • 1. Pick up the papers by the door. • 2. Update your To. C: – Page 37: Notes – Persian Empire – Page 38: Persia Activity WS: Primary Source + Map • 3. Write down your HW: – Begin reviewing for your Unit 2 Test! (11/1 for 1 st and 2 nd, 11/2 for 6 th) – We have a review day on Friday (1 st, 2 nd) and Monday (6 th). PLEASE COME PREPARED TO PLAY REVIEW GAMES.

Agenda: 10/26 and 10/27 • • 1. Bellringer 2. Reading Check (6 th only) 3. Notes: Persian Empire 4. Activity: – Cyrus the Great: Three Documents, Three Perspectives – Persia Map Activity • 5. Study Guide Review/Quizizz Test Practice

Reading check: Duiker pages 33 -34 • 1. What ruler is credited with first turning Persia into a powerful empire? (1 point) • 2. What is the difference between a satrapy and a satrap? (2 points) • 3. Give a reason why Cyrus is given the name “Cyrus the Great”. (1 point) • 4. What was the name of the route that traveled between the cities of Sardis to Susa, crossing the Persian Empire? (1 point) • 5. What was the name of the official Persian religion? What was the name of its deity? (2 points) • 6. Identify a similarity between the official Persian religion

Reading check: Duiker pages 33 -34 • 1. Cyrus • 2. A satrapy is a province or region. A satrap is a governor in charge of a satrapy. • 3. Options: Gentle, kind, mindful ruler; showed compassion and tolerance in his conquering of others; gave mercy to conquered peoples • 4. Royal Road • 5. Zoroastrianism; Ahuramazda • 6. Hinduism (karma); Christianity (duality – God vs. devil – belief in heaven and hell, monotheistic); Judaism (monotheistic); Daoism (belief in natural balance of forces like yin and yang)

Quick Recap: The People of Mesopotamia • Who is living in Mesopotamia (the “Fertile Crescent”)? – – Sumerians (along Tigris/Euphrates Rivers) Hebrews (in their promised land, Canaan) Phoenicians (in modern-day Lebanon) Assyrians (in modern-day Syria, Iraq, etc. ) • All of those are eventually pushed out/conquered by the Chaldeans (the Babylonians) • Then whole region = conquered by the Persians

Assyrian Empire

(New) Babylon = Chaldeans

Persian Empire

Geography • Persian Empire = expansive! (lots of land) • Conquered the Middle East, Egypt, modern-day Iran and Afghanistan, Asia Minor, and even into Europe – Gets close to India but never quite surmount the Hindu Kush/Himalayas

• In the orange territory, centered around city of Persepolis • Where is this today? • Modern-day Iran 1. Where would you find the oldest part of the Persian empire?

• In approximately 4 th century BCE 2. When did the Persian empire reach its greatest extent?

Religion: Zoroastrianism • Named after the prophet Zoroaster • Monotheistic – Ahuramazda is their god • Based on conflict between good vs. evil, light vs. dark (dualism) – Similar to what Chinese philosophy? • Becomes the state religion of Persia • Remains the religion of Persia until the Greeks take over

Achievements: • Centered on encouraging cultural unity – Use of the imperial bureaucracy to enforce laws – Standard weights and measures • Public works were constructed – City of Persepolis = greatest example of Persian art/architecture – Animals = common theme in their art and arch.

Achievements: • The Royal Road = 1, 500 mile long road connecting cities – Why do they need this road? • Strong, large army need to transport them safely and quickly • Promote trade • Communication (messenger service, postal service – think the Pony Express!) Travel this distance in 7 days!

• Cities of Susa and Sardis 3. Where were the two endpoints of the Royal Road?

Royal Road video: • http: //www. history. com/topics/exploration/ marco-polo/videos/persias-royal-road • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=N 5 mw. O ovpet. A – Start to

Politics: Imperial Bureaucracy • Imperial Bureaucracy: – Imperial = belonging to an empire – Bureaucracy = organizational structure in government that is in charge of administration • Designed a legal code that was tolerant and accepting of many different cultures (because of the expansive nature of the Persian Empire)

Politics: Imperial Bureaucracy king Satraps (like governors) Town leaders, Army leaders, Tax collectors

Political Leaders: Cyrus the Great • Founder of the Persian Empire • Conquered many lands • Known for his tolerance of other cultures and religions – EX: Allowed the Hebrews to return to and rebuild Jerusalem

Politics: Cyrus the Great • Called “the Great” because of conquests and because people loved him – Persian Empire expanded easily, conquered peoples wanted to be a part of it

Political Leaders: Cambyses the “Not So Great” • Cyrus’ son • Not so great. • Cambyses is everything his father is not – Intolerant – Mean – Disliked • When he dies, the empire falls apart

Political Leaders: Darius the “Pretty Good” • Comes to power after a mini-civil war • Creates the largest empire in the world at that time

Political: Darius • Brings back the ideas of Cyrus: – Re-conquers the empire • Adds new territory (like Greece) – Restores tolerance • Creates the Persian imperial bureaucracy and constructs Royal Road

Economy • Trade = key part of Persian economy • Standard currency facilitate trade in a diverse empire – Used metal coins (taken from Lydian civilization in Asia Minor) allows for trade to be easier • No more weighing silver, gold bars to pay for goods • Royal Road = allows for trade and transportation throughout growing Persian Empire

Social • Socially stratified society • Large empire = lots of people – Persia needs to practice cultural tolerance because they are conquering SO many different people • People would still speak own languages and follow their own customs even after being conquered – Important that rulers are tolerant of others • EX: When Cyrus the Great conquered new cities, he did NOT destroy important buildings, like temples, used by that civilization. Instead, he would pray there with them to honor and show respect for local customs

Persia activities: • 1. Primary Source Activity: Cyrus the Great • 2. Map Activity: Persian Empire • ** If you finish these, you can review your study guide to prepare for your test on 11/1 and 11/2. **