Bell Work Who developed Aquaculture Introduction to Aquaculture

Bell Work • Who developed Aquaculture?

Introduction to Aquaculture Lesson #1 Area: Animal Science Unit: Aquaculture

Objectives • Define Aquaculture • Identify how Aquaculture is important to our society • Identify the components of Aquaculture

Definition “Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. ” SOURCE: FAO FISHERIES CIRCULAR NO. 815 REVISION 8, 1996

In Other Words • The controlled raising of aquatic plants and animals in a confined environment.

How Long Has Aquaculture Been Around? • First Developed in Asia – 3500 BC Chinese raised carp in ponds – Developed breeding techniques for increased production

Why has the demand for fish in the US increased?

Per Capita Consumption 1998 14. 9 lbs. /capita

Nutritional Comparisons

Why is Aquaculture considered the fastest growing industry in the agriculture sector?

World Production SOURCE: USDC/NOAA/NMFS CURRENT FISHERIES STATISTICS 9600, JULY 1997

Why Aquaculture Looks Good to Farmers • Increased Seafood Consumption – 14. 9 lbs person in 1998 • Good quality of protein low in fat • Better Production to Cost Ratio – 1 1/2 lbs of feed to 1 lb of fish

Agriculture vs. Aquaculture • Variable body temperature • Better converters of foodstuffs • Requires less energy for body support 11 2 lb feed = 1 lb fish Compared to

1995 Farm Bill Proposal “Aquaculture is poised to become a major growth industry. ”

U. S. Aquaculture 1998 • Food Fish Production increased – 308 million pounds in 1992 – 768 million pounds in 1998

U. S. Aquaculture 1998 • • • Total Value: $5. 6 Billion 181, 000 Full-time Jobs Fastest Growing Sector Of U. S. Agriculture

Aquaculture Sales

Value by Category

Top States Source: 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS

Production States WESTERN Trout Salmon Shellfish Striped Bass Tilapia NORTH CENTRAL Perch Striped Bass Tilapia Catfish Striped Bass Tilapia TROPICAL & SUBTROPICAL Ornamentals, Food and Shellfish NORTHEASTERN Salmon Shellfish Striped Bass SOUTHERN

Aquaculture Requires • • Land Water Money Training

Species Selection • • • Producer’s expertise Marketability Climate Production economics Species biology Production methods ?

Types of Aquaculture • • Food Fish Baitfish Sport Fish Fee Fishing

Water Temperature • Warmwater Range – 75º – 90º F • Example: Tilapia

Water Temperature • Coolwater Range – 60 o – 80 o F • Example: Bass

Water Temperature • Coldwater Range – 48 o – 65 o F • Example: Trout

Food Fish

Food Fish Species • • Catfish Tilapia Rainbow trout Atlantic Salmon Shrimp Shellfish Striped Bass Others

Baitfish

Baitfish Species • • • Fathead minnows Golden shiners Goldfish Crawfish White suckers

Pond and Lake Stockings

Pond Stocking Species • • • Channel catfish Largemouth bass Bluegill Redear sunfish Yellow perch Trout

Fee Fishing

Fee Fishing • • • Long-term leases Day leases or “ticket lakes” “Fish-out” or by the pound ponds

What are the types of Production Methods used in Aquaculture?

Production Methods • Ponds • Cages and pens • Raceways • Closed re-use systems Source: 1998 Census of Aquaculture, USDA-NASS

Ponds • Spawning – Broodstock – Hatching of eggs • Fingerling • Grow-out to market size Spawning 0. 1 acre Fingerling 1 acre Food size 20 acre

Carrying Capacity • Maximum weight that an area can support expressed either as lbs/acre or lbs/gal/min 300 lbs/acre Feed 2, 0000 lbs/acre Feed and aeration 2, 000 - 8000 lbs/acre

Cages and Pens 4 feet

Cage Culture • Allows deep farm ponds or lakes to be used for production • Low investment • Decrease in production rate

Raceways

Raceways • Yield – 15 -20, 000 lbs for every 500 gallon/min flow. Concrete Raceway Earthen Raceway

Water Re-use Systems H 2 O Fish Solids filter Pump Bio. filter

Re-circulating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) Layout

RAS Biological Filters Solids Filter Aeration Tank

How can fish be marketed?

Market Techniques • Direct Marketing • Wholesale – Whole fish – Headed and gutted – Fillets – Steaks • Value added

Conclusion • Aquaculture is a fast growing industry with many possibilities for production and marketing.