Bell Work Whats a place you can get

Bell Work • What’s a place you can get to without needing maps or directions and just using your memory?

Cognitive maps

Objective • Students will identify milestones of development.

In Utero Development • Malnourished mothers run an increased risk of miscarriages, stillbirths, and premature births. • Mothers who smoke are more likely to have low-birth-weight babies, or babies with hearing defects. Smoking mothers may also have more miscarriages, stillbirths, and babies who die soon after birth than mothers who do not smoke.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Mothers who heavily drink alcohol increase the probability of having smaller babies and babies with retarded physical growth, poor coordination, poor muscle tone, and intellectual retardation. Collectively these conditions are known as fetal alcohol syndrome. • FAS is the leading preventable cause of birth defects leading to mental retardation. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 8, 000 babies are born with FAS every year in United States.

In Utero Development • Most doctors agree that a pregnant mother should not take any drugs throughout the pregnancy. Even some over-the-counter drugs like aspirin can be harmful. However, most doctors also understand that some medications, including anti-depressants, are necessary for certain pregnant women. • One-third of all Down's syndrome babies are the result of difficulties with the father's sperm. There is also evidence that undernourishment, alcohol or drug abuse, or stress in the father near time of conception may have developmental consequences on the child. • Down’s Syndrome—Mothers over 40

Height and Weight • The most dramatic increases in these happen prior to birth. – At conception, the size of a cell. – At eight weeks, about 1 ½ inches long. – At birth, a child averages 20 inches in length and 7 ½ pounds – nearly a billion times larger than it was nine months earlier. • During infancy, the first two years of life, a child doubles his or her birth weight in the first five months and triples it by a year. That slows off a bit in the second year.

Reflexes-An involuntary reaction or response • Sucking, swallowing, Babinski reflex (push your finger into a child’s foot, and it will spread its toes), reaction to pain Msbeam. weebly. com

Typical Achievement Timeline • The development of fine motor skills over the five-year period. As the brain develops, neurons begin to connect, making these skills possible

Are children passive recipients of experience, or do we actively construct the way we develop? Do we have a “say” in who we become?

Outcomes • Children and adolescents whose parents are authoritative rate themselves and are rated by objective measures as more socially competent • Children and adolescents whose parents are negligent perform the worst all domains. • Children and adolescents from authoritarian families tend to perform moderately well in school and be uninvolved in problem behavior, but they have poorer social skills, lower self-esteem, and higher levels of depression. • Children and adolescents from permissive homes are more likely to be involved in problem behavior and perform less well in school, but they have higher self-esteem, better social skills, and lower levels of depression.

Outcomes • Although in the United States authoritative parenting is most common among intact, middle-class families, the relationship between authoritativeness and child outcomes is statistically the same across all racial/socio-economic/etc. groups – Authoritative parenting predicts good psychosocial outcomes and problem behaviors in all ethnic groups

Nature vs. Nurture: Is it nature or nurture? Or is the question, itself, misleading? List all the things you believe influence who you are/become.