Bell Work What does Gestalt psychology suggest Gestalt
Bell Work • What does Gestalt psychology suggest?
Gestalt, Humanism, Psychoanalytic
Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt • Gestalt = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. • Wertheimer, Kaffka, and Kohler = Germans • Contradicts Structuralism • How? • Why
Gestalt Psychology • Influenced Europe more than US • Had to abandon a lot of their work • Behaviorism overtook Gestalt in US
• What do you see?
Humanism
Humanism • Objected to determinism of Behaviorism and psychoanalysis • Emphasizes personal control, intentionality, and that humans are “good. ” • Team free will • Carl Rogers • Abraham Maslow
Maslow • American • Proposed hierarchy for motivating behavior • Rejected reductionist experimentation
Rogers • Believed potential for good exists in all people. • Client centered therapy – goal/problem oriented psychology • Patient takes lead. • Need unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy.
Humanism • Redirected attention back to the mind and its functioning after behaviorism
Psychoanalytic or Psychodynamic
Psychoanalytic • Freud – Austrian, studied hysteria • The unconscious mind is where most mental processes/behaviors come from • Unconscious = no awareness • Early childhood experiences are also very important.
Freud’s Theories • Id = instinct (sex, aggression, hunger) • Ego = way to act on id’s desire • Superego = morality check • What would Superman do?
Psychoanalysis • Method of therapy • Patient talks about their experiences/selves
Freud’s work • Many of Freud’s initial findings were misplaced • His later writings, however, were true • Personality develops over time • Early life experiences matter • Etc.
Wrap Up
Wrap Up • What are the major differences between these theoretical approaches? • What are the similarities?
Discuss
What do these theories try to explain? • What are their strengths? • What are their weaknesses?
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