Bell Work Using your phone or a dictionary

Bell Work: Using your phone or a dictionary define the following terms: n Totalitarian n Dictator n Propaganda n Anit-seminitism n

Totalitarian n controlling the people of a country in a very strict way with complete power that cannot be opposed

Dictator n a person who rules a country with total authority and often in a cruel or brutal way

Propaganda n ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc.

Anti-semintism n hatred of Jewish people

Adolf Hitler b. April 20, 1889 n d. April 30, 1945 n Braunau, Austria n Parents: Alois and Klara n

Adolf Hitler Close with his mom, didn’t get along with his dad n Trouble at school, expelled for constant skipping, only liked art n Wanted to be an artist, his dad wanted him to be a civil servant n Vienna Academy of Art n ¨ Interview, portfolio

Adolf Hitler Great landscapes and technical drawings, but lacked the ability to draw the human figure well. n Hitler is encouraged to apply for architecture school, but rejected from the academy. n

Hitler Probably already anti-Semitic, but this may have been a turning point (majority of people on committee were Jews) n Flop house, street painter n Mother gets sick, dies from cancer before he can get home (mother’s dr was a Jew) n

Hitler WWI breaks out; joins German army n Hitler was a runner; very dangerous n Wounded in a poison gas attack n Hospitalized; shocked to find out Germany has lost n ¨ Blamed Communists for Germany’s defeat --- Karl Marx – a German Jew

Hitler as a dispatch runner in WWI

Hitler’s Rise to Power 1919 – Hitler joins and becomes leader of the NAZI party – National Socialist German Workers n 1923 - Hitler announces the NAZIs will take over the government, arrested for treason n ¨ Sentenced to 7 years, but only serves 9 months ¨ Writes Mein Kampf – My Struggle

Hitler named Chancellor n President Hindenberg names Hitler Chancellor in 1933 – pressured by NAZIs ¨ Hindenberg dies in 1934 The Reichstag (Congress) turns over legislative power to Hitler. n Once in power, Hitler now creates a totalitarian state. Germany - dictatorship n

The Third Reich Hitler – popular, promised economic recovery and delivered. Massive public works program gave people jobs. n SS – Schutzstaffel- elite black-uniformed troops n Gestapo – secret police n

The Holocaust Begins… n 1933 ¨ 23 March – Dachau opens – first concentration camp (and the largest) {Image shows Dachau being liberated by US troops. }

n 1933 ¨ 14 July – Law to Prevent Offspring with Hereditary Defects (T-2 Program) n Mental/physical handicaps n Milder cases – sterilized n More severe – euthanized n Propaganda – “life without existence” n Protests by mothers/women caused Hitler to mostly stop this program ¨ All political parties outlawed except Nazi party

Nuremberg Laws - 1935 Jews are declared non-Germans; prohibited from: n Marrying/procreating with Germans n Attending/teaching at German schools n Holding govt. jobs n Practicing law or medicine n Publishing books n Many Jews fled (Albert Einstein) n

n Physical Traits of Aryans v. Jews ¨ Ideal Aryan traits Blue eyes, blond hair, light complexion, tall and athletic, angular features n Blue eyes were most important n ¨ Jewish n traits Brown eyes, dark hair, large forehead, rounded face, dark complexion

n 1936 ¨ Jehovah’s Witnesses were rounded up (wouldn’t swear allegiance to Hitler) n 1938 ¨ 7 Nov – Grynszpan kills von Rath in Paris n Herschel Grynszpan (17 yrs old); in school in France ¨ German Jew – found out that his family was being deported to Poland. Shoots the German ambassador to France – von Rath. ¨ This event triggers worst violence yet back in Germany.

n 1938 ¨ 9 -10 Nov – Kristallnacht – “night n Reaction to the killing of von Rath ¨Nazis of broken glass” attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues in Germany ¨Jewish business owners had to pay for repairs; police looked the other way ¨Resistant Jews were sent to Dachau ¨Emigration increased, but most countries denied Jewish refugees.

n 1939 ¨ 1 Sept – WWII begins when Germany invades Poland n 1940 ¨ 27 April – Auschwitz opened n Highest # of deaths n Selection process; healthiest were chosen for work; the weak were gassed

n 1941 ¨ Germany invades the Soviet Union (USSR) ¨ Einsatzgruppen n Mobile killing units ¨Babi Yar – natural ravine § Lined victims up, shot them, and let them fall in § Probably killed over 30, 000 here

Questions…. . Comments………. n Quiz – 20 Formative Assessment Points n Return of library research from Wednesday n Summative Assessment will be a combination of study on Holocaust, Crusades, and Spanish Inquistion n