Bell work Put everything underneath your desk except

Bell work: • Put everything underneath your desk, except a pencil. • We are taking a quiz today. • When you are finished with your test, turn it over and wait without talking.

Reconstruction Reversed Drawing a “Color Line” in the south

The “Color Line” is drawn • During Reconstruction, most southern states had outlawed segregation in southern public places. • Segregation returned when Democrats returned to power and reversed antisegregation laws. • African Americans lost the gains they had made socially, politically and in education.

Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes • Tax set high so that voting was a luxury few could afford. • Literacy tests guaranteed failure for blacks regardless of educational level. • “Grandfather Clause” • Supreme Court upheld: not a violation of 15 th amendment because not limiting right to vote based upon race.

Jim Crow • Laws enforcing segregation of blacks and whites in the South after the Civil War • The "Jim Crow" figure was a fixture of the minstrel shows that toured the South; a white man made up as a black man sang and mimicked stereotypical behavior in the name of comedy.

The history of Jim Crow “Come listen all you galls and boys, I’m going to sing a little song, My name is Jim Crow. Weel about and turn about and do his so, Eb’ry time I weel abut I jump Jim Crow. ” Words from the song, “Jim Crow, ” written by Thomas Dartmouth Rice a struggling actor who heard an old Black slave who walked with difficulty singing the son. Rice was one of the first performers to wear black face.

Sheet music cover illustration with caricatures of ragged African. American musicians and dancers. pub. C 1847

• 1866: One of a number of highly racist posters issued as part of a smear campaign against PA Republican gubernatorial nominee John White Geary by supporters of Democratic candidate Hiester Clymer. Indicative of Clymer's white-supremacy platform, the posters attack postwar Republican efforts to pass a constitutional amendment enfranchising blacks. Artist: Reynolds NY

Plessy v. Ferguson • Segregation laws violated 14 th amendment guarantee “equal protection of the laws” • Homer Plessy arrested for refusing to obey Jim Crow Laws • 1896 majority of Supreme Court justices ruled that segregation laws did not violate 14 th amendment as long as facilities were roughly equal • Justice John Marshall, former slaveholder said “Our Constitution is color blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. ”

Political Cartoon Timothy Nast

Signs of segregation

“In the late 1940 s black people were not admitted to the public hospitals in Dallas. So the black doctors created their own hospital. ”--R. C. Hickman Medical Clinic, 1954. Left to right: Drs. Joseph Williams, Frank Jordan Sr. , and E. Holmer Browne.

Colored waiting room, 1952. “Those signs in downtown Dallas, the signs over the water fountains and in the bus stations, came down in 1955 or ’ 56, and a couple of years later they began to adhere to the Supreme Court decision. ”--R. C. Hickman

Protesting against Jim Crow Laws and segregation

Outside of Graphic Organizer Reconstruction Reversed 1 Graphic Years

Inside of Graphic Organizer • Education • Results? • Voting Rights • Poll Tax • Literacy test • Grandfather Clause • Jim Crow Laws • Definition • Plessy v. Ferguson • What? • Outcome?