Bell Work Henry disapproves of stealing jelly beans

Bell Work • Henry disapproves of stealing jelly beans from his sister's Easter basket because he thinks his mother will spank him if he does. Henry best represents a(n) ____ morality. – egocentric – conventional – preconventional – concrete operational – postconventional

Bell Work • Which psychologist is best known for his theory/stages of moral development?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Objective • Students will apply Kohlberg’s stages of moral development to hypothetical situations.

Ethics • Science defines ethics as a “set of moral principles; the study of morality. ”

Level One: Preconventional Morality • Stage 1 - Obedience and Punishment – – Especially common in young children Adults also capable of expressing this type of reasoning. Rules are fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment. • Stage 2 - Individualism and Exchange – Person accounts for individual points of view – Judges actions based on how they serve individual needs.

Level Two: Conventional Morality • Stage 3 - Interpersonal Relationships – “Good boy-good girl" orientation – Focused on living up to social expectations and roles – Emphasis on conformity, being "nice, " and how choices influence relationships. • Stage 4 - Maintaining Social Order – People begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments – Focused on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority.

Level Three: Postconventional Morality • Stage 5 - Social Contract and Individual Right – People begin to account for the differing values, opinions, and beliefs of others – Rules and laws are important for maintaining a society, but society should agree upon these standards. • Stage 6 - Universal Principles – Based upon universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning. – People follow internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules.

Heinz Dilemma

You have the opportunity to read through your significant other’s texts and/or e-mails. Do you do it?

How would you feel if you found out your significant other read through your texts and/or e-mails?

You are offered $500, 000 to have sex with a person of the sex/gender you are usually attracted to; however, this person is visually unappealing. Do you do it? There is no chance of pregnancy/STD.

You are offered $500, 000 to have sex with a person of the sex/gender you are NOT usually attracted to. This person is also visually unappealing. Do you do it? There is no chance of pregnancy/STD.

A close friend/family member confesses to you that they have killed someone in a hit & run accident. You have the ability to create the perfect alibi for them. Would you do it?

You accidentally bumped into someone’s car and no one is around to see, would you: A. leave a note B. assess the damage & leave a note if it is more than a minor scratch C. drive off regardless of the damage.

A close friend/family member has a terminal illness and wants you to help them die. Would you do it?

Recap of Kohlberg’s Morality • Preconventional: Judgment is based solely on a person's own needs, wants, and perceptions. • Conventional: The expectations of society and society's laws are taken into account in a decision about a moral dilemma. • Postconventional: Judgments are based on abstract, more personal principles that aren't necessarily defined by society's laws.

Kohlberg Morality In groups of 1 -4 • 1. Jenny’s friend Cameron phones to ask Jenny a favor. Cameron wants to tell her parents that she’s going to stay overnight at Jenny’s after the basketball game, but she’s really going to a club and then to a house party for the night with her boyfriend. • a. What do you think Jenny might say if she has preconventional morals? Why? • b. What do you think Jenny might say if she has conventional morals? Why? • c. What do you think Jenny might say if she has postconventional morals? Why?

• 2. Sandra was new to the school and very pleased when a popular student in her history class invited her to go to the mall. Sandra discovered that they had a lot of interests in common as they browsed around the stores together. In a clothing store, they both saw some clothes they wanted to try on. To Sandra’s surprise, her new friend decided to shoplift a shirt. • a. What do you think Sandra might do if she has preconventional morals? Why? • b. What do you think Sandra might do if she has conventional morals? Why? • c. What do you think Sandra might do if she has postconventional morals? Why?

• 3. Just after James finished writing his English essay, his good friend called. James’ friend almost always made higher grades than he did without actually appearing to do as much work. His friend asked James if he could come over and look at his essay because he hadn’t had time to get it done. The friend figured to write the paper using James’ essay as a guide. • a. What do you think James might say if he has preconventional morals? Why? • b. What do you think James might say if he has conventional morals? Why? • c. What do you think James might say if he has postconventional morals? Why?