BELL WORK 124 On the sheet you just

BELL WORK 12/4 On the sheet you just picked up, Define the word Loyal in your own words and describe a situation either from your own experience of from a news report in which someone’s loyalty was very important. What would we do if the government broke down? Also! I will be collecting your notebooks Friday, here is what you should have: 11/18 Bell Work – & Notes ROME 11/19 Family Structure in Rome 11/20 Punic Wars WKS & Notes 11/21 Roman Culture & Society 11/25 Bell Work & Notes (Pompus, Crass & Caesar Salad) 11/26 Caesar’s Leadership as an absolute ruler 12/1 Bell Work & Notes Augustan Society 12/2 Spread of Christianity 12/3 Middle Ages Notes

Devolution – Movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state. What causes devolutionary movements? Ethnic or cultural differences Religious differences Linguistic diversity Economic disparity Movement or circulation Physical geographical differences

MIDDLE AGES TIME BETWEEN THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE & THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT 500 -1500 C. E

Key words Essential to Feudalism- (Fyoo-duh-lih-zuhm) A system of PROTECTION in the Middle Ages. Vassal- An agreement between lords & knights that stated that they would protect the land. Knights were called their lords “vassals”. Wergeld- legal structure that allowed for compensation for personal injury

HOW DID FEUDALISM ESTABLISH ORDER IN EUROPE? – THE FEUDAL HIERARCHY PEOPLE WERE BOUND TO ONE ANOTHER BY PROMISES OF LOYALTY AND RESPONSIBILITY (1000 C. E. ) MONARCH- RULER OF ALL LANDS LORD - NOBLES BY BIRTH KNIGHT- ARMORED SOLDIERS PEASANTS - POOR FARMERS PAID RENT TO A LORD • SERFS- UNFREE PEASANTS THAT WERE “TIED” TO LAND, COULDN’T LEAVE. NO CHOICE BUT TO WORK LAND

FEUDAL HIERARCHY Identify each group in the hierarchy “Hear you my Lord. . . that I. . . shall be to you both faithful and true, and shall owe my Fidelity unto you, for the Land that I hold of you, and lawfully shall do such Customs and Services, as my Duty is to you, at the times assigned. So help me God and all his Saints” from The Manner of Doing Homage and Fealty Oath of Loyalty

WHAT WAS A MANOR AND WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT? Manor- an agricultural estate owned by a lord and worked by peasants MANORS WERE SELFSUFFICIENT : THEY GREW AND BUILT EVERYTHING THAT THEY NEEDED THEMSELVES ALL PEOPLE WHO LIVED ON THE MANOR HAD A ROLE WITH DIFFERENT RESPONSIBILITIES. Craft Guild- a group of people who work at the same occupation Practiced the 3 -field system Farmers would use 2 fields a year and let one lie empty This allowed them to grow more food

MEDIEVAL MONASTERIES A Monastery is a community of people who devote their lives to religion & learning These places allowed for communities to develop independent of feudalism the preservation of both pagan and Christian texts an easy way for kings to find advisors and administrators

CHARLEMAGNE united Europe 771 CE • -created greatest empire since Ancient Rome • --Pope crowned him Emperor which revived the idea of united Christian Empire. • Created Holy Roman Empire • 1 st Reich Effectively fused Roman, Christian, and Germanic cultures

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M IS F L A D U E

BYZANTIUM