Bell Ringers What causes the seasons The tilt

Bell Ringers • What causes the seasons? The tilt of the Earth’s axis • Which happens once a year, rotation or revolution? • Turn signed progress reports into basket • I am still missing several vocab assignments from yesterday

The Moon

Lunar Properties • Space Race – competition between countries (specifically the Soviet Union and the US) in the 1960 s in the field of space exploration • First man in space – Yuri Gagarin (Soviet Union), Sputnik 1 in 1961 • First person on the Moon – Neil Armstrong (US), Apollo 11 in 1969

Lunar (Moon) Properties • Our planet’s moon is different than any other moon in the solar system: • One of the largest moons in comparison to the planet it orbits

Lunar Properties • Its orbit is farther from the planet it orbits than most other moons in the solar system

Lunar Properties

Lunar Properties • Surface is solid and rocky, made of minerals similar to those on Earth • No atmosphere (wind) or flowing water, so no erosion

Lunar Properties • Albedo – ability to reflect sunlight • This is why the Moon “glows” at night

History of the Moon • Review: The Earth is 4. 6 billion years old • Scientists believe the Moon is between 3. 8 and 4. 6 billion years old • 3 major theories about how the Moon formed – Capture Theory – Simultaneous Theory – Impact Theory

History of the Moon • Capture Theory – Large object came too close to Earth when the solar system was forming, and it became trapped in Earth’s gravitational pull, becoming the Moon

History of the Moon • Discredited because: • If the Earth and Moon come from two different sources, why are they made of the same rocks?

History of the Moon • Simultaneous Theory (Sister Theory) – the Earth and Moon formed at the same time in the same general location, so the materials forming them were similar

History of the Moon • Discredited because: • If they formed at the same time from the same material, why is the Earth’s core made of iron, while the Moon’s core is not?

History of the Moon • Impact Theory (Collision Theory) – When the solar system was still forming, the Earth and a Mars-sized object collided • Materials from the collision went into space and came together to form the Moon

History of the Moon • The most commonly-accepted theory • The Moon is made of similar materials as the Earth because it was made from the Earth

Lunar Phases • Lunar month – the amount of time it takes for the Moon to orbit the Earth, about 29. 5 days

Lunar Phases • Lunar Phases – the apparent change of the Moon’s shape in the sky as it orbits the Earth • During a lunar month, the Moon goes through all its different phases, from New Moon to Full Moon, back to New Moon

Lunar Phases • Waxing – the increase in moon visibility • Waning – the decrease in moon visibility Waxing Waning

Lunar Phases: You have to know these for the test!!!!!! • • New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent

Why first quarter and third quarter?

Tides – Review • Tides are caused by the gravity of the Moon and Sun – Lunar tides – tides caused by the Moon (daily high and low tides) – Solar tides – tides caused by the Sun, spring tide and neap tide Lunar Tides: daily high and low tides

Tides and Phases of the Moon • Spring Tides – when Sun and Moon line up New Moon and ______ Full Moon together, during _____

Tides and Phases of the Moon • Neap Tides – when the Sun and Moon are at First Quarter right angles to each other, during ______ Third Quarter and _______

Tides and Phases of the Moon • Solar tides affect the tidal range (the difference between the heights of high and low tides) – Spring Tide – large tidal range – Neap Tide – small tidal range High Tide Level Spring Tide Low Tide Level High Tide Level Neap Tide Low Tide Level Retirement Island

Tides and Phases of the Moon • Solar tides alternate nearly every week • New moon, 1 st quarter, full moon, 3 rd quarter • Spring tide, neap tide, spring tide, neap tide

Eclipses • Solar eclipse – when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth, blocking out our view of the Sun

Eclipses • Lunar eclipse – when the Moon passes through Earth’s shadow, darkening the Moon

Eclipses • The shadow cast during an eclipse (solar or lunar) has two portions: • Umbra – shadow that receives no direct sunlight • Penumbra -- outer part of the shadow that receives some light

Eclipses • During an eclipse, different parts of the Earth see different things • Total eclipse – areas located in the umbra; everything blocked • Partial eclipse – areas located in the penumbra; only partially blocked

Was it all a Hoax? • When did Neil Armstrong land on the Moon? • Did he really? • Some people say in our rush to win the Space Race with the Soviet Union, our government faked the Moon landing. • Thoughts? • Mythbusters take on the conspiracy’s best claims. http: //www. dailymotion. com/video/x 2 m 7 k 1 z

Phases of the Moon • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=AQRNzepe 4 w. I

Other Activities

Moon Lab • Listen carefully to all directions. • You are working with lab groups together at tables. There are several pages to the lab. YOUR GROUP MUST WORK TOGETHER (you are not allowed to divide and conquer) or you will be asked to work individually. • I will call groups up two at a time to do Page 1. Until then, work on another page. If I see you regularly off-task, you will lose points (score lower than your group)

Moon Phases Wheel • You will need a pencil. Follow directions carefully. Do not get ahead.

1. Place the green sheet of paper on top of the provided paper. Trace the circle and cut out the GREEN circle (you may use a compass if you wish). 2. Set your compass so that the ruler is on the short line with the 2 right above it. You may need to adjust your pencil so that the point is level with the compass point. 3. Draw circles in the large part of each section (for a total of 8 circles). Keep the compass still and move the paper. 4. At this point, wait for further instructions.

1. We are going to draw the phases together. Shade GENTLY with a pencil. 2. Name the phases. Include waxing/waning. Draw arrows from one phase to another to show the order. 3. When sure about your phases, outline them and shade them in with a black marker. 4. Decorate. No pencil marks should be visible (outline in marker). Include a title. 5. Wait for further instructions.

1. Line up your green circle with your other circle. Use the brad to fasten the circles together. 2. Cut a “window” in the green circle large enough to see the moon and the name of the phase.